行人環境風場舒適度標準性評估與數值模擬可行性研究

Establishment of Pedestrian Wind Environmental Criterion and Application of CFD

林晟漢(Cheng-Han Lin)

指導教授 ： 張正興

淡江大學/工學院/土木工程學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2009.00026

摘要

由於人口不斷的增加，使得建築物需要相當的高度才能夠容納，伴隨著建築物在地面造成風場加速的情況也越來越嚴重。高層建築物之新建將對地面環境行人風場造成改變，進而影響行人在此區域活動的舒適性，嚴重的話，可能會危害行人安全。另外，隨著電腦運算速度的提升，CFD數值模擬的發展更是加快了腳步。相較於傳統風洞實驗，數值模擬之優勢在於可獲得整個流場裡任意點之數據資料而非某些需要藉由經驗所訂出之特定測點，成本上亦能節省模型製作或實際量測之時間、金錢與人力。
本研究係以一實際風場環境案例來探討。先使用CFD預測國家新都社區整體風場，並維持一段時間在淡海新市鎮之國家新都社區的風速量測與問卷調查，得到行人在快步行走的狀態和短時間停留的狀態下對風速大小及變動程度之可接受程度，另一方面，利用計算流體力學模擬，配合中央電台得到的風速資料，進行區域風場環境的模擬，得到最後藉由整合兩者結果盼建立出快速又不失精確性與合理性之行人環境風場評估。
最後，得到兩個行人活動的風速標準，即適合行人快步行走與行人短時間停留的風速標準。為了瞭解與其他學者建議標準的差異，將評估所得到的結果與國外學者評估標準繪於同一張圖表並比較與討論。CFD數值模擬與實場量測比較結果的與國外學者均有相同的趨勢。

關鍵字

問卷調查 ； 舒適度 ； 風場環境 ； 計算流體力學 ； 數值模擬

並列摘要

Due to the increase of population and development of economies, the buildings in the city become higher than before. Wind speed accelerated around the ground caused by new high-rise buildings. The high speed wind will affect the pedestrian activities and safety. Understandings of pedestrian wind environment become more important. CFD is a powerful tool in wind engineering researches. Compared to the traditional wind tunnel tests, numerical simulation of the advantages of access to the whole flow field where the data at any point through experience rather than the need to set out the specific measuring point, also saves on the cost of modeling or actual measurement of the time, money and human resources.
This study is a case of the physical environment to explore the pedestrian wind field. First, use of CFD prediction community as a whole wind farm, and for some time in the community, the wind speed measurement and a questionnaire survey, and get pedestrians walking and short-term stay under the wind speed changes in size and degree of acceptability. On the other hand, the use of computational fluid dynamics simulation, coordination with the central station got wind speed data, a regional wind field simulation of the environment, by integrating the results of the last two to establish a fast and without losing accuracy and reasonableness of the pedestrian environment assessment of wind field.
Finally, get two pedestrian wind speed standard, which is suitable for pedestrians and pedestrians hurry to walk a short stay in the wind speed standard. To understand the standards and other scholars have suggested that the difference will assess the results obtained by the evaluation criteria with foreign scholars, drawn on the same chart and compare and discussion.CFD numerical simulation and actual field measurement results of the comparison with the foreign scholars have the same trend.

並列關鍵字

questionnaire survey ； comfort ； wind environment ； computational fluid dynamics ； numerical simulation

參考文獻

[6] 王志賢，” 建立行人環境風場舒適性標準之實場調查與評估，淡江大學土木工程研究所碩士論文(2008)

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[3]Hunt, J. C. R. , Poulton, E. C. , and Mumford, J. C. , “The Effects of Wind on People ； New Criteria Based on Wind Tunnel Experiments”, Building Environment, 11, pp. 15-38 (1976).

[4]Study on Acceptable Criteria for Assessing Wind Environment at Ground Level Based on Residents’Diaries

[7] AIJ guidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings(2008)