建立行人環境風場舒適性標準之實場調查與評估

A Study of Comfort Criteria for Pedestrian Wind Environment in Taiwan

王志賢(Chih-Hsien Wang)

指導教授 ： 張正興

淡江大學/工學院/土木工程學系碩士班/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2008.00250

摘要

建築物造成的風場加速情形常使行人感到不舒適，甚至有造成意外和危險的可能。近年來環保意識抬頭，先進之國家紛紛立法，規定高樓建築前必須先經過一連串風場環境的影響評估，作為建築物是否興建之依據。在各國學者相繼研究出適合行人活動的風速標準之後，我國仍然缺乏自己的風速標準，而一直以來都是參考他國學者的研究結果。但彼此間地理環境，生活習慣與氣候溫度等相當不同，風速標準是否適用還是未知。另外他國學者研究的風速標準多以風洞試驗為主，與實際的風場環境大不相同，故本論文希望藉由實場量測與問卷調查，分析出適合行人活動的風速標準。
因行人活動的區域種類與活動類型眾多，將行人活動的地點簡單區分為二種，即容易受風影響地區與比較不受風影響地區。容易受風影響地區如室外餐廳、散步區、候車亭等等，而比較不受風影響地區如觀光風景點、忙碌的商業區街道等等。分別擇一人潮較多且風速較大的地點進行風速量測，且同時以問卷訪問行人的舒適度感受，在收集了七百多份問卷之後開始分析資料。首先的分析重點在於有效風速的陣風因子，因近來的相關研究多以有效風速作評估，故陣風因子的決定為第一先決條件。在得到陣風因子的值之後，便可根據問卷中不舒適的資料分析出風速標準，而分析的重點同時包含風速大小與發生機率。將容易受風影響地區與較不受風影響地區的風速標準分別決定之後，再根據較不受風影響地區的不舒適問卷資料，分析出危險(或稱為不可接受)之風速標準。而風速介於較不受風影響地區與危險標準之間的風速，則定義為令人不舒適的風速標準。
於是，共得到一套四個等級的風速標準，即易受影響、較不受影響、不舒適與危險。為了解其與其他學者建議之標準的差異，將評估所得結果與其他學者建議之標準繪於同一圖表並比較與討論，最後再以風洞實驗案例進行與其他的風速標準比較並討論彼此之差異性。

關鍵字

風場環境 ； 風速標準 ； 問卷調查 ； 陣風因子

並列摘要

The accelerative situation of wind caused of buildings often makes pedestrians feel uncomfortable, even causes the accidents and dangers. After the scholars of various countries work out the criteria of wind speed for pedestrian activities in succession, we still lack one's own criteria of wind speed, and refer to the results of other scholars’study all the time. But the geographical environment、habits and customs、temperature and climate between each other are quite different, so we don’t know whether the criteria suit our national or not. Besides, the criteria of other scholars proposed mainly rely on the wind-tunnel laboratory, differ widely with aerial wind environment, so this study hopes to analyse the acceptable criteria of wind speed for pedestrian activities.
Because regional kinds and types of activities that the pedestrian moves about are numerous, we divide the places of the pedestrian activities into two kinds briefly, namely [Areas used for purposes susceptible to wind effects] and [Areas used for purposes not too susceptible to wind effects]. The first one is such as a restaurant and bus shelter, etc.. And the second is such as a scenic spot or a busy business park, etc.. We choice a site which often has larger wind speed and crowds of people, and measure the wind velocity separately, and to call on the pedestrian by a questionnaire at the same time, analyse the data after collecting more than 700 questionnaires. The first emphasis is the gust factor of effective wind velocity, because recent correlative studies use that to evaluate the criteria mainly. After getting it, we can analyse and acquire the criteria of wind speed according to uncomfort data of questionnaires. The emphases of analyse comprise both wind velocity and probability. After determining the criteria in two kinds of the places of pedestrian activities separately, subsequently according to the uncomfort data of [Areas used for purposes not too susceptible to wind effects], acquiring the criteria of unacceptable. Besides, the wind condition between the criteria of unacceptable and [Areas used for purposes not too susceptible to wind effects], defined as the criteria of uncomfort.
Thereupon, we acquire four criteria of wind speed , namely [Areas used for purposes susceptible to wind effects]、[Areas used for purposes not too susceptible to wind effects]、 danger and uncomfort. In order to interpret the differences of this study and other scholars’criteria, we put the different criteria into a chart and discuss. Finally, using a wind-tunnel experiment to compare these criteria and discuss the differences.

並列關鍵字

wind environment ； criteria of wind velocity ； questionnaire ； gust factor

參考文獻

1. Penwarden, A.D. & Wise A. F. E. ,“Wind Environment Around Buildings”, Building Research Establishment Report, HMSO.(1975)

2. Isyumov, N. and Davenport, A.G. ,“The Ground Level Wind Environment in Built-up Areas”, Proceeding of the Fourth International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures. Cambridge Univ. Press, U.K. pp403-422. (1976)

3. Lawson, T. V. and Penwarden, A. D. , “The Effects of Wind on People in the Vicinity of Buildings”, Proceeding of the Fourth International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp605-622. (1975)

4. Hunt, J. C. R. , Poulton, E. C. , and Mumford, J. C. , “The Effects of Wind on People ； New Criteria Based on Wind Tunnel Experiments”, Building Environment, 11, pp. 15-38 (1976).

5. Melbourne, W. H.“Criteria for Environment Wind Conditions”, J. of Industrial dynamics. , 3, pp. 241-249. (1978)