溫度考慮下之風環境研究

The effect of temperature on the study of wind environment

王晨宇(Chen-Yu Wang)

指導教授 ： 張正興

淡江大學/工學院/土木工程學系碩士班/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2017.00085

摘要

由於都市化，使得建築物需要相當的高度才能夠容納，伴隨著建築物造出的都市除了產生了地面高風速以外，大量的建築也引起熱島效應，進而影響行人在此區域活動的舒適性，舉例來說，冬天的話溫度低，加上地面高風速，會使行人非常的不舒服，夏天的話溫度高，如果缺乏適當的通風會造成熱停滯於建築間，嚴重的話，可能會造成行人中暑。
本研究以風洞實驗室模擬的方式進行探討，使用風洞模擬的方式進行人的對風與溫度感受度問卷，對照前人文獻，得知溫度影響人感受風，並且推導出夏季行人風場評估，另一方面利用計算流體力學模擬，配合前人研究資料與中央氣象局資料，進行社區模擬，將資料整合後對夏季行人風場評估進行驗證。
由於本文所使用風洞試驗進行時設備上的限制與缺點，使得舒適度於風洞試驗的部分較不夠客觀，因此僅用前人實場研究做為誤差判斷標準。將前人資料盡可能以相同的條件下進行比對，得出推導出的夏季行人風場評估相較前人的評估保守一些。

關鍵字

問卷調查 ； 舒適度 ； 風場環境 ； 計算流體力學 ； 數值模擬 ； 熱環境

並列摘要

Due to the increase of urbanization and the development of economies, the buildings in the city are required to be built higher than ever for sake of the efficient use of land. Besides causing wind speed acceleration around the ground, the new high-rising buildings would also cause urban heat island effect and further affect the pedestrians’ activities and safety. For example, during winter, the temperature is low and the increase acceleration of wind speed around the ground would cause pedestrians to feel uncomfortable. On the other hand, during summer, the high temperature and unventilated air will cause heat being held between buildings; under severe circumstances, pedestrians might even suffer from heat stroke.
This study was conducted through the simulation of wind tunnel. The data needed in order to understand the comfortableness of wind and heat to human was done by a questionnaire survey, putting the subjects into the simulation wind tunnel and then have them answer a questionnaire afterwards. Later, The study compared the data with previous studies, and acknowledged how temperature will effect the comfort level people feel towards a breeze. Then The study inferred the assessment for pedestrian wind environment during summer. At last, through the simulation by computational fluid dynamics with the neighborhood of community as background, along with the references from previous research studies and the Central Weather Bureau, The study verified my concept of inference on the “assessment for pedestrian wind environment” during summer by summing up the data.
However, The study isn’t objective enough because of the limitations of the wind tunnel and the expectancy effect on the survey; therefore, The study refer to field studies of previous researchers for a standard of judgment for errors. By matching similar conditions in data from previous researches, The study reached another conclusion for the assessment for “pedestrian wind environment” during summer, which is slightly more conservative than those from previous researchers.

並列關鍵字

questionnaire survey ； comfort ； wind environment ； computational fluid dynamics ； numerical simulation ； thermal environment

參考文獻

[5] 林晟漢，”行人環境風場舒適度標準性評估與數值模擬可行性研究”，淡江大學土木工程研究所碩士論文(2009)

[10]李建鋒，”校園戶外環境熱舒適之研究-以大學、小學為例”(2008)

[19] 王智賢，”建立行人環境風場舒適性標準之實場調查與評估”，淡江大學土木工程研究所碩士論文(2008)

[1] Melbourne, W. H.“Criteria for Environment Wind Conditions”, J. of Industrial dynamics. , 3, pp. 241-249. (1978)

[3]Hunt, J. C. R. , Poulton, E. C. , and Mumford, J. C. , “The Effects of Wind on People ； New Criteria Based on Wind Tunnel Experiments”, Building Environment, 11, pp. 15-38 (1976).