太陽能吸收式熱泵在高效純水系統應用研究

Application of Solar in the Absorption Heat Pump Multi-Effect Distillation Water Processes.

王智民(Chih-Min Wang)

指導教授 ： 莊嘉琛

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/冷凍空調工程系所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

太陽能海水淡化系統與現有海水淡化利用項目相比有許多新特點，首先是可獨立運行，不受蒸氣、電力等條件限制，無污染、低能耗，運行安全穩定可靠，不消耗石油、天然氣、煤炭等常規能源，對能源緊缺、環保要求高的地區有很大應用價值；其次是生產規模可有機組合，適應性好，投資相對較少，產水成本低，具備淡水供應市場的競爭力。在中東海灣地區為例，儘管海水取之不盡，但每個國家幾乎都缺少淡水。雖然許多國家已建起海水淡化工廠，費用卻很昂貴。這些海水淡化工廠，一般採用蒸餾方法淡化海水，需要消耗大量能源。所幸的是中東海灣國家有豐富的石油資源，採用蒸餾法淡化海水，不會出現能源困難。可是在那些能源缺乏的國家和地區就很難，因為他們沒有那麼多能源來淡化海水。
故本論文研究一個太陽能淡化系統，以多效型蒸餾 (MED)系統聯結到太陽能收集器且也聯結至雙效吸收式熱泵。此類系統屬於熱節能分析，並評估生產成本上有影響之參數：熱能源成本、效用之數量、系統生產力以及每日操作之時數等。此外以太陽能多效型蒸餾系統之用水成本與常見能源資源設備做比較，並且在太陽能淡化系統競爭上，對燃料與設備成本進展影響等，都有進行比較分析。

關鍵字

太陽能 ； 多效型蒸餾 ； 海水淡化 ； 吸收式熱泵

並列摘要

Solar energy seawater purification system compared with traditional seawater desalination system having a lot of special characteristics. First, this system is independent operation without affect by steam and electricity limitation, no any pollution, low energy consumption, and safety operation. It does not need any regular energy such as crude oil, natural gas and coal. It is good for some regions of energy shortage and high requirement for environment protection. Second, it can be a production organic setup, good fitness, less investment, low cost for water production. It has high competitive in seawater desalination market. In gulf region, there have unlimited seawater but most of the countries are shortage of pure water. Although a lot of countries have built the water desalination factory, however, the cost is very high. Those factories are using the evaporation method to purify the seawater and need to exhaust high amount of energy. Fortunately, most of the gulf countries have plenty of natural resources and would not cause any energy shortage. However, it is hard for those countries having energy shortage. They do not have enough natural resources to purify the seawater.
It is a multi-effect distillation (MED) system coupled to a double-effect absorption heat pump. This plant was thermo-economically analyzed in some aspects. In this paper the influence on the product cost of some parameters was evaluated：thermal energy cost, number of effects,plant capacity and daily operation hours. In addition,the water costs of this solar MED plant were compared with a conventional energy source plant. Moreover, the effect on the competitveness of the solar desalination system of the financial and fiscal politics parameters has been studied as well as effect of the fuel and equipment cost evoluation.

並列關鍵字

Solar energy ； multi-effect distillation ； seawater purification ； absorption heat pump

參考文獻

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