- 學位論文
整合物質風險於綠色生產力之評估方法
Assessment Method for Integrating Material Risk into Green Productivity
摘要
亞洲的生產力組織（APO）於1994年提出了「綠色生產力（Green Productivity）」的理念，亦即要求企業於產銷過程，達到省資(能)源、低污染及可再生、循環的三大原則，並同時兼顧生產力與環境績效之提升。Hur等人所提出綠色生產力指標的概念，乃透過綠色生產力指數及綠色生產力比率，可作為綠色生產力之量測工具，並且比較相同性質之產品，或比較目前生產系統與替代方案。然而，由於產品或生產系統都可能會產生風險，而目前僅考慮環境衝擊及成本，並未考量所可能引發之風險。 風險評估提供人類健康或環境預估潛勢風險系統的程序，為一種系統化的評估過程，當危害發生或存在時，用以估算所有被暴露或承受後果的對象之主要風險因素。風險評估適用範圍，每種化學物質的生命週期階段，從生產、處理、規劃與使用、回收與處置的環境衝擊結果。可將危害所造成的影響、後果及其風險，進行量化、半量化或質化的評估作業，故各企業會找出適合的風險衝擊及機率之評估方式，作為風險評估的依據。 為使之前提到量測綠色生產力方法的應用性更高，本研究嘗試將化學物質風險整合至評估綠色生產力的方法之中，進而衍生發展出綠色風險指標及生產力風險指標。就化學物質風險而言，量化方式採用化學物質危害風險及化學物質對環境介質污染進行分類計算。之後，本研究以韓國某化學公司生產之苯乙烯為案例，透過三個替代方案情境（分別為更替較低環境衝擊之SM供應商、採用新的攪動程序，其檔板設備可使SM完全反應以減少SM的使用量，以及結合以上二種之方案），以實際運用本研究所建立的方法進行評估，判斷何者之生產程序最符合綠色生產力。 研究結果顯示經綠色生產力指標、綠色風險指標及生產力風險指標等三項指標之量測方法所計算出數值並運用產品組合分析，皆發現替代方案3，也就是更換苯乙烯單體原料供應商，選用較低環境衝擊的原料供應商，並且使用新的檔板設備，可使苯乙烯單體完全反應，降低因未完全反應之廢苯乙烯單體的數量，為最佳解決問題的方案。代表替代方案3最符合環境績效、經濟生產力及風險績效，亦即為改善企業所生產程序或產品之最佳解決問題的方法。本研究發展出之方法，應可協助企業達到增加企業利潤，同時兼顧環保並降低生產程序或產品所產生風險的損害之目的。
並列摘要
Asian productivity organization (APO) coined the concept of Green Productivity (GP) in 1994; it demands enterprises to save resources and energy, reduce pollution, and recovery/recycle wastes during the course of the production and sale processes in order to look after both productivity and improvement of environmental performance. Some scholars have proposed the concept green productivity index (GPI), and it is the ratio of productivity to its environmental impact. It can be considered as a measurement tool of green productivity for comparing similar products. Since every product may have hidden risk within its life cycle, however, current GPI only considers environment impact and cost, which limits its utilization. Every product may have hidden risk within its life cycle; however, current GPI only considers environment impact and cost, which limits its utilization. Risk assessment provides a procedure for systematically estimating human health and risk potential. It is applicable for evaluating risks of each chemical used during its life cycle stages, from production, use, recycle and treatment. It is important for enterprises to adopt risk assessment for their products. Hence, this study tries to incorporate risk assessment component into GP assessment. Two additional indicators other than GPI were developed; they are green risk indicator (GRI) and productivity risk indicator (PRI). Then, a chemical company which produced styrene in Korea was used as a case study and three alternatives (the alternative 1, 2,and 3 are: replacing the current suppliers with the supplier who produces SM with the lowest life cycle impact, a new agitation process with baffle equipment which mixes the reactants more uniformly and minimizes the dead volume in the mixing tank, and application of alternatives 1 and 2 together, respectively) were used to verify the applicability of the method developed in this study. Based on the calculation of the three indicators (GPI, GRI, PRI) and a product portfolio analysis, the results show alternative 3 is the best process to fulfill the all three criteria, namely environmental, economical and risk performance. It is believed that the method developed in this study should be able to help enterprises to increase profitability, and to protect the environment as well as to prevent the damage from the risks.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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