應用粒子族群演算法於太陽能熱泵熱水系統之最佳化控制策略

Optimal Control Strategy of Solar Heat Pump Water Heating System Using Particle Swarm Optimization

張峻豪(Chun-Hao Chang)

指導教授 ： 李文興

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/冷凍空調工程系所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

常見的大型太陽能熱水系統輔助加熱都是搭配鍋爐，而熱泵的能源使用效率較電熱加熱方式為高，由於熱泵瞬間加熱能力較弱，因此太陽熱泵熱水系統該如何設計設備容量與操作模式能取代鍋爐？儲水槽初始水溫該設定為多少?儲水槽初始水溫越低太陽能集熱器與熱泵效率越高，但儲水槽初始水溫太低會造成供給水溫低於需求水溫。
研究成果發現，在此案例中整天有負載下，太陽能熱泵熱水系統運轉模式較太陽能鍋爐熱水系統運轉模式節省了約4.5 %的生命週期成本，較熱泵熱水系統運轉佳化模式節省了約6.7 %的生命週期成本；在晚上有負載下，太陽能熱泵熱水系統運轉模式較太陽能鍋爐熱水系統運轉模式節省了約15.1 %的生命週期成本，較熱泵熱水系統節省了約17.4 %的生命週期成本；太陽能熱泵熱水佳化運轉模式，晚上有負載比整天有負載節省了約11.6 %的生命週期成本。
成功利用粒子族群演算法應用於太陽能熱泵熱水系統找尋到最佳化操作模式與最佳設備容量，熱泵及水泵啟停佳化控制運轉模式能將尖峰電價時段的耗電能源轉移至離峰電價時段，佳化熱泵容量與佳化太陽能集熱器片數可以避免造成建造成本過多，不僅達到政府推廣節能減碳的目標，且在經濟效益上也十分顯著。

關鍵字

太陽能 ； 熱泵 ； 粒子族群演算法 ； 生命週期成本

並列摘要

Auxiliary heating source for solar water heating systems is commonly using in boilers. Heat pump's energy efficiency is much higher than electrical heating. Heat pump’s instant heating ability is weaker than boiler. Therefore, when we want to replace the boiler into solar heat pump water heating system, we need to design the equipment capacity and find operating model to optimize the system efficiency? How to set the initial temperature on the tank? The smaller initial temperature on the tank is will result in the higher efficiency in the solar collectors and heat pump, but when the initial temperature is too low will cause the temperature cannot reach the demand temperature.
The simulation results show that in all day load. The solar heat pump water heating system can save about 4.5% of the life cycle cost than using the solar boiler water heating system. The solar heat pump water heating system can save about 6.7% of the life cycle cost than using the heat pump water heating system. When only consider the system load at night. The solar heat pump water heating system can save about 15.1% of the life cycle cost than using the solar boiler water heating system. The solar heat pump water heating system can save about 17.4% of the life cycle cost than using the heat pump water heating system. The solar heat pump water heating system operation at night can save about 17.4% of the life cycle cost than at all day use.
Applying the Particle Swarm Optimization in the solar heat pump water heating system can find the optimized operating mode and the best equipment capacity. Heat pump and water pump optimum control mode can transfer the electricity from peak electric price to off-peak electric price. The optimum heat pump capacity and the solar collector pieces can avoid excessive construction costs, not only to achieve the goal of the energy saving, but also economic benefits are very significant.

並列關鍵字

Solar ； heat pump ； PSO ； life cycle cost

參考文獻

[3] 童開澤，「建築物雙層屋頂整合太陽能空氣集熱器之隔熱與集熱效益研究」，國立台北科技大學碩士論文，2005。

[11] 高志宇，「太陽能結合熱泵應用於溫水游泳池之佳化分析」，國立台北科技大學碩士論文，2009。

[2] 張堡盛，「以最小化生命週期成本為基礎之大型太陽能熱水系統規劃模式」，國立成功大學碩士論文，2009。

[4] 陳天祥，「烤漆鋼板屋頂整合太陽能熱水系統之性能研究」，國立台北科技大學碩士論文，2009。

[6] J. Zhang, R. Z. Wang, J. Y. Wu, “System optimization and experimental research on air source heat pump water heater”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 27, pp. 1029-1035, 2007.