隨著半導體工業快速的發展,體積小、省電、多功能的微處理器也大量推出,而對於載重量與空間都有限的無人直升機來說,正需要這種微控制器來做為航電系統的處理器。由於建構一無人直升機需要眾多的感測器與驅動元件互相配合,必須要由分散式架構經不同微控制器分工合作,滿足有效率與準確的需求。本文將既有以CAN為通訊骨幹的分散式無人載具航電系統為基礎,增加緊急切換開關模組、轉速控制模組和地面基地站模組的資料記錄功能,提昇整個系統的功能,並且針對系統中不同的模組進行資料的感測與傳輸的驗證,證明本研究所改良後航電系統的實用性及可靠性。 為了簡化無人直升機的控制方式,本研究另發展定轉速的主旋翼轉速控制器,並且利用模糊控制理論對直升機的主旋翼做轉速的控制,除此之外,為了能夠正確發展直升機旋翼的氣動力模型,本研究也進行旋翼葉片結構特性的量測。由於旋翼葉片為直升機載具的關鍵性元件,研究中針對主旋翼和尾旋翼葉片的Flapping和Feathering兩個自由度做結構阻尼的量測。由阻尼之變化推測其結構使用及損壞的程度,並定義出主旋翼葉片的破壞指標值。藉由對主旋翼葉片在不同程度損壞時指標值變化的趨勢探討,使維修檢測人員可以更加了解旋翼葉片目前的狀況與可能損壞的情形,將有助於提昇直升機載具的安全。
In order to build an efficient electronic system for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, various sensors and actuators must be handled in a distributed way. A group of microprocessors will sense and process signals from individual sensors and transmit the data to the central controller through the communication protocol. The present paper has modified and improved a distributed UAV system with the CAN Bus communication protocol. Emergency Module, Main Rotor Speed Control Module and Ground Station Data Logging Module have been added in the UAV system to improve the system performance. The sensed data will be used to calculate the navigation path and be verified to demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of this avionic system. In order to simplify the flight control design of UAV, the main rotor will be controlled at fixed rotating speed. The loading of the UAV will be controlled by changing the main rotor pitch angle. The present research has applied fuzzy control to stabilize the main rotor speed. Furthermore, the present paper has measured the damping ratio of UAV’s rotor blades in two degree-of-freedoms, flapping and feathering, so that the dynamic model of the UAV can be developed more thoroughly. Because rotor blades are the critical elements of helicopter, in order to monitor the reliability of the blades, this research has also defined an index to measure the structural damage of the rotor blade. With this index, the technician can easily determine whether and when the rotor blade should be replaced. This can prevent the UAV from accidents due to the unexpected failure of blade.