能源服務產業之推動障礙探討

A Study on the Implementation Barriers of Energy Service Company Industry

翁永男(Yung-Nan Weng)

指導教授 ： 胡憲倫

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

臺灣進口能源高達99.3%，而且石化燃料仍占我們能源重要的地位，在能源危機與2008年的石油價格飆漲，對臺灣造成不少衝擊，再加上溫室效應及全球氣候變遷乃目前全球最受關注的環境議題，臺灣勢必受聯合國氣候變化綱要公約及京都議定書的減量壓力。所以針對能源使用效率提升與溫室氣體減量，許多國家開始以促進能源技術服務業(Energy Service Companies, ESCO)為解決上述問題的方法之ㄧ。ESCO產業是提供「能源效率全方位改善服務」的一種事業型態，服務費由節省下來的能源費用攤還，這是ESCO事業的最大特徵。
本研究藉由文獻蒐集國內外能源技術服務業相關研究，進而整理出在能源技術服務業的五個面向的障礙，並利用問卷的方式，對臺灣能源技術服務產業發展協會中102家團體會員進行調查。研究結果顯示認知程度較高的五項推動障礙依序為：節能績效保證合約協商導致專案實行曠日費時、節能績效保證合約定義困難、能源查驗、缺乏能源規範與標準、能源管理人才不足或素質不佳。而且在公司屬性與營業額不同上面呈現較顯著的認知差異。研究結果建議對於儘速推動相關節能績效保證合約標準化與推廣、相關能源法案的推動、與能源管理人才的培育、環境專案融資的設立，以期將能源服務推廣到各產業。

關鍵字

能源服務業 ； 推動障礙 ； 策略

並列摘要

As energy is exceptionally rare in Taiwan, 99.3% of energy is dependent on imports. Among these, fossil fuel still plays a very important role. The 1973 Energy Crisis and the soaring of oil price in 2008 caused a great deal shocks in Taiwan. Enterprises started to focus on issues to promote energy efficiency. In addition, Greenhouse Effect in recent years and Global Climate Change have become popular environmental issues. Every country is constrained by schedule to decrease the amount of emission imposed by UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) and Kyoto Protocol. Although Taiwan is not a member of UNFCCC and is not under the pressure of Kyoto Protocol to decrease the amount of emission, it is very likely that Taiwan will be pushed by other members because of its 22nd ranking of CO2 emission in the world. Furthermore, as the majority of Taiwan’s enterprises are multi-national companies, they are obligated to take responsibility in decreasing the amount emission to some extent. In order to promote energy efficiency, many developing countries have started to promote ESCOs (Energy Service Companies) as one of the solutions.
ESCOs is a type of business for energy saving and for providing integrated energy services of energy efficiency improvement. They implement audits of energy saving on lighting, air-conditioning, and production equipments in government offices, commercial buildings and factories. Meanwhile, ESCOs also introduce innovated equipments and present concrete energy-saving methodologies. The service fee is paid out by the expense saved, which is the main characteristic of ESCOs. However, developing countries like Taiwan, often encounters barriers in promoting ESCOs, such as that enterprises focus more on expansion than energy saving, and that the benefits of energy saving cannot be fully realized due to low energy prices.
In this study, a literature review was conducted and barriers for promoting ESCOs from five different aspects were identified, they are market barriers, institutional barriers, financial barriers and cognitive barriers. A questionnaire then was developed and mailed to the 102 members of TAESCO (Taiwan Association of Energy Service Companies).
The result showed there are five implementation barriers with higher recognition from the surveys: Time delays in project implementation due to energy performance contract negotiation, difficulties in defining energy performance contract, energy audits( reliance on energy audit process, energy audits are not obligatory and are not subsidized), absence of energy codes and standards, and lack of qualified/certified energy managers. In addition, significant recognition variation is observed due to different company types and various sales revenues. The study suggested standardizing and popularizing energy performance contracts, driving the passage of energy bills, fostering energy managers, and establishing environment project financing in the hope of spreading out the concept of energy service to every industry.

並列關鍵字

Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) ； 　Implementation Barriers ； 　Strategy

參考文獻

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[8] Painuly, J.P., Park, H., Lee, M.-K. and Noh, J.,” Promoting energy efficiency financing and ESCOs in developing countries: mechanisms and barriers,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 11, 2003, pp. 659-665.