台灣製造業自願性節能減碳策略之研究

The Strategy of Voluntary Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction for Manufacturing Industries in Taiwan

陳良棟(Liang-Tung Chen)

指導教授 ： 胡憲倫

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/工程科技研究所/博士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2012.00566

摘要

節能減碳是製造業現階段因應氣候變遷最重要的工作，本文以台灣製造業自願性節能減碳成果進行研究，整理各產業節能減碳方法及回收年限，評估各產業節能減碳潛力，以規劃製造業自願性節能減碳策略與措施。從產業自願性節能結果發現，各產業所進行的節能投資平均在1.5年即可回收，鋼鐵及水泥產業的回收年限較長可超過3年，造紙、人纖及紡織產業平均約1年回收，石化產業平均0.7年即可回本；能源密集產業之節能減碳投資及節能效益均以製程改善最大，對於中小企業之節能輔導，約有30%改善建議可落實改善，大多為公用設備，其節能量遠低於大企業，且設備投資回收年限明顯高於能源密集產業；整體而言製造業尚有許多節能空間，可運用相關策略以激勵節能減碳。半導體及光電產業主要為含氟溫室氣體燃燒破壞所得的減量效果，該等氣體溫室效應潛勢高，可從管末處理且技術成熟，估算出的減量遠大於能源密集產業的節能量。
製程改善為製造業最具節能減碳效果的方法，可運用政府補助節能製程或換新耗能設備，以迅速提升能源效率；能源價格提升可縮短設備回收年限，能促進廠商的節能投資；逐漸提高能源價格，補助廠商節能，可加速耗能設備更新，更有助於提升廠商競爭力。在溫室氣體總量管制前，自願性節能減碳為最重要的提升能源效率方法，增加節能誘因、鼓勵進行溫室氣體盤查、建立溫室氣體減量額度抵換制度，推廣碳足跡、碳標籤、碳揭露、能源管理系統及綠色工廠標章，持續進行自願性溫室氣體減量協議、節能減碳技術輔導及工業區能資源整合鏈結等均為自願性節能減碳的好策略。

關鍵字

節能減碳 ； 氣候變遷 ； 溫室氣體 ； 自願減量 ； 回收年限

並列摘要

Energy conservation and carbon reduction is the most important task for the manufacturing industries to cope with climate change at the current stage. This study looks into the results and achievements of voluntary energy conservation and carbon reduction, analyzes for various industrial sectors the key measures and practices and their payback period, and also evaluates the reduction potentials in order to come up with the strategy and actions for promoting industrial voluntary reduction. Results showed that on average, the payback period for energy saving measures is 1.5 years in industrial GHG voluntary reduction agreements. For the steel and cement industry, the payback period can be longer than 3 years; while for the paper, textile and artificial fiber industries is on average 1 year, and only 0.7 years for the petrochemical industries. In terms of energy-intensive industries, both the investment and energy saving benefits are greatest in process improvement. On the other hand, based on the results of SME energy conservation counseling, about 30% improvement proposals were implemented. Improvements are mainly found in the utility systems and the scale of energy saving is much lower than large enterprises, while the investment payback is significantly higher than that of the energy-intensive industries. Overall, great reduction potential is yet to be recognized with the adequate incentive strategies. On the other hand, the destruction fluorinated GHG is the main reduction strategy of the semiconductor and optoelectronics industries. Since these gases have very high GWP, and can be treated at pipe-end with mature technology, the estimated reduction is much larger than the GHG reduced from energy savings by energy-intensive industries.
Process improvement is the most effective energy saving and carbon reduction measures for the manufacturing industry. With the support of government grants on more energy-efficient process or the replacement for energy-consuming equipment, energy efficiency would be improved rapidly; energy price increase would also shorten the investment payback to encourage more energy-efficiency investment; the gradual increase of energy prices, with adequate subsidies for energy-saving practices would accelerate the replacement of energy-consuming equipment and hence improve company competitiveness. Before cap and trade comes into force, voluntary reduction is the most essential measure for improving energy efficiency. The enhancement of energy-saving incentives, implementation of GHG inventory, establishment of GHG offset system, and the promotion of carbon footprint, carbon labeling, carbon disclosure, energy management systems and green factory labeling, as well as the ongoing voluntary GHG reduction agreement, energy conservation and carbon reduction counseling, and integration of energy and resource in industrial parks are all effective voluntary carbon reduction strategies.

並列關鍵字

energy conservation and carbon reduction ； climate change ； greenhouse gas ； voluntary reduction ； payback period

參考文獻

歐陽湘、徐恆文、董倫道、廖啟雯, 「我國二氧化碳捕獲與封存技術發展現況」，能源報導，2011年10月，第9-11頁。

余宜娟，我國溫室氣體減量政策:歷史制度之觀點，碩士論文，國立台灣大學社會科學院政治學系，台北，2012。

柳萬霞、徐恆文、黃欽銘、陳威丞、歐陽湘，「燃燒後捕獲二氧化碳技術-鈣迴路捕獲CO2技術國際現況與國內發展介紹」，工業污染防治，第121期，第71-86頁。

徐健崧、李育明，「事業廢棄物衍生性燃料之碳足跡盤查與分配原則」，經濟部工業局2011產業永續發展聯合成果發表清潔生產暨環保技術研討會論文集，台北，2011年11 月，第9-17 – 9-27頁。

翁永男，能源服務產業之推動障礙探討，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學，台北，2009。