溫室氣體減量議題隨著全球氣候變遷的發生而受到關注,聯合國自1992年制定聯合國氣候變化綱要公約(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)後,並透過召開聯合國氣候變化綱要公約締約國大會(COP)通過對各國具有法律效力的溫室氣體減量政策,至此碳排放交易成為國際新興的經濟戰場,更是主要先進國家新開發的貿易條件。面對國際社會對溫室氣體的限制,對應到國內以高排碳產業為主的產業政策,台灣勢必要因應國際減碳壓力,調和國內政治系統。本研究以歷史脈絡的角度分析我國自1992年發展至今,近二十年的溫室氣體減量政策變遷。 本研究分成七章。第一章為緒論,主要說明問題緣起、研究問題,以及章節安排。第二章為文獻回顧,先就歷史制度論以及斷續均衡理論進行檢閱,並梳理理論與檢討。第三章則提出理論架構與研究設計,本研究依據理論提出的檢驗面向,檢視我國溫室氣體減量政策二十年來的發展與變遷。第四章則進入我國溫減政策的確立時期,本章首先探究台灣溫減政策在1992年到2005年之間的發展,並進一步分析次系統之間政策獨佔的過程,以及總體政治系統的決策。第五章指出2005年到2008年為我國溫減政策沉潛時期,本章強調次系統與利益團體積極爭取溫減政策的制定方向,也決定了此時期總體政治系統的決策結果。第六章分析2008年以後的溫減政策重啟時期。隨著溫減目標年與期程的確立,展現了不同的政策討論面貌。第七章為結論,研究發現我國溫減政策受到貿易制裁的催化,與國內高排碳產業政策的影響,形成政策變遷,隨著政黨政治的發展,溫減政策被邊緣化。 更值得關注的是,本研究指出我國溫減政策因應關鍵時刻產生「三次政策變遷」,並有「四次未產生政策變遷」的結果,次系統的反應序列彰顯了政策動態變遷發展。本章進一步進行理論反思,從台灣溫減政策的變遷過程,與理論進行對話。
Greenhouse gases reduction policy becomes more and more important since United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has been passed in 1992. Most important is that carbon trading mechanism has prevailing since then and carbon becomes one of the new commodities to restrict foreign industrial product. The domestic and foreign political and economic environment has been changing; however, Taiwan still has high percentage on heavy industry. This essay analysize the development of the greenhouse gases reduction policy for 20 years in Taiwan on historical perspective. There are seven chapters in this thesis. Chapter one is introduction, which proposes my awareness of question and research framework. Chapter two is literature review, which introduces Punctuated Equilibrium and Historical Institutionalism. Chapter three is research framework and research method, which applys to the greenhouse gases policy in Taiwan. Chapter four focuses on begin of the greenhouse gases reduction policy, which analysizes how did the subsystem and macropoliical system work. Chapter five focuses on the period of the greenhouse gases reduction policy, which emphasizes on the ‘policy monopoly’ within the subsystem and the policymaking in the macropolitical system, caused the stagnation. Chapter six focuses on the reconsideration and revise of the greenhouse gases reduction policy, which demonstrates that the target of Sustainable Energy Policy Convention and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) were announced, the changing of the policy development. Chapter seven is conclusion. This essay discovers the greenhouse gases policy has been shaped by the international sanctions and the heavy industrial policy. Furthermore, party politics might marginalize the policy. This chapter also dialogues with the theory.