科技的發達、產業的成長、人口的增加,逐漸帶來嚴重的環境破壞及公害污染,也使人類意識到環境資源的有限性,進而努力尋求污染防治及環境復育工作,以達到保護環境、維護人類生存之目的。但預防重於治療,與其事後的防治與補救,不如事前防止環境破壞的發生。因此,環境保護之預防制度因應而生,環境影響評估(Environmental Impact Assessment,簡稱E.I.A.)制度恰能於公害防治、生態保育等環境保護工作上,發揮正本清源之預防功效。 環境影響評估制度之引進,主要係考量我國多年來經濟快速發展之結果,對環境造成諸多負面影響及環境資源之破壞,使大眾生活環境品質降低,而資源不足,產業發展亦相對受到限制;故基於國家長期發展利益,環境保護與經濟發展應兼籌並顧,各項開發行為規劃時,應同時考量環境因素,以達永續發展之目標。 然而在振興、發展經濟之相關會議及措施中,環境影響評估制度與實務屢被要求檢討,尤其立法院以:「環境影響評估制度之民眾參與機制不足,造成『專業』與『民意』間的對抗,扭曲當初環境影響評估制度設計」之美意,要求中央主管機關提出修正案,修正內容包括公眾參與及政策環境影響評估之擴大實施部分。本研究以「環境影響評估法」實施10年的實務經驗為基礎,並參考各界所提相關意見,提出以整合性環境影響評估為主軸的架構。
The limit of environmental resources has been brought into discussion due to the deterioration of environmental quality and pollution accompanying with the development of industry and the increment of population. Therefore, various control measures and environmental remediation have been taken in order to protect our living environments for substantial development. However, prevention in advance is better than remediation after pollution. Thus, the environmental impact assessment has been used to protect our environment before any development works. However, review or modification of EIA has been required frequently under the pressure for better economic development. For example, the lack of public involvement has created a conflict between expertise and the public. Therefore, the modifications of EIA for more public involvement and policy EIA have been addressed. In this study, the ten-year experiences of EIA in Taiwan have been reviewed and discussed with the requirement of development sectors to propose a better and suitable EIA system for Taiwan.