不同介質對地下滲濾系統之氮、磷污染去除效能比較

鄭伊伶(Yi-Ling Cheng)

指導教授 ： 林鎮洋

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境規劃與管理研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2005.00307

摘要

現地處理系統由於初設經費低廉，操作維護費低，因此成為了污水下水道尚未普及之地區處理生活污水的可行方案。本研究乃利用砂土、土壤及礫石作為介質處理生活污水，旨在探討介質對於氮、磷污染物的處理效能，除了瞭解最適合應用於處理生活污水之介質。同時藉由不同水力負荷的控制，進一步比對分析最大處理量，以期用於推估地下滲濾系統應用時的最經濟的用地需求。
根據研究結果顯示，地下滲濾系統採用砂土與土壤作為介質處理生活污水，其氨氮的去除率趨於百分之百，磷的去除率則會隨操作時間加長，趨於穩定，顯示此兩種介質未達到飽和的狀態，且操作使用時間可達2個月以上；若以礫石作為介質，氨氮的去除率與砂土與土壤有相當的處理能力，磷的去除隨操作時間拉長，濃度則有不降反升的問題，顯示其處理效能已達飽和的狀態，推測礫石操作運轉約2個月左右就必須重新更換介質。整體而言，經長時間運轉下對於氨氮的去除效果，以砂土最佳，其次為土壤，最差則為礫石；若以磷的去除效果來討論，則以土壤的去除成效最佳，其次為砂，最差則為礫石。系統以砂土與土壤作為濾床，在高水力負荷下，處理氮、磷污染物之去除率仍可達90 %以上，因此當實際應用處理生活污水時，可選擇高水力負荷下的流量，減少處理面積的使用。地層下陷問題日趨嚴重，系統以砂土或土壤當作濾床處理後之放流水水質（除硝酸鹽氮以外），均可達到九十二年放流水標準之規定，因此，未來可運用於補注地下水資源方面，亦或者回收再利用，對於日益嚴重的缺水問題則有正面之幫助。

關鍵字

污水處理系統 ； 地下滲濾系統 ； 水力負荷 ； 氮 ； 磷

並列摘要

With the disadvantage of sewerage system in huge investment and long construction schedule, the government tend to build the sewerage system only for the cloudy cities in the near future. Then, the onsite wastewater treatment systems become the perfect option in decentralization with its advantage like lower construction cost and easy to maintain.
In order to figure out the most economising way using the land; sand, soil and gravel were used in this as different types of medium of the subsurface wastewater infiltration systems. In the purposes of this experiment are not only choosing the most suitable medium by sampling the remove condition of nitrides and phosphates, but also deal with the maximum hydraulic loading rate of this system.
According to the result, subsurface wastewater infiltration systems which was equipped with sand or gravel, shows a denitration rate around 100% and the rate of dephoshorsation shows a positive trend going toward stabilisation time by time. These phenomena present that both these two mediums (sand and gravel) were far away from saturation and the treatments can be continued for more than 2 months. Furthermore, using soil as the medium to denitrate has similar behaviour with the other ones; but, the effect of dephoshorsation has an opposite result. Also, it is required to replace the soil medium about 2 months once at least. Generally, as a result in a long-term operation, the denitration rate among these three different mediums can be ranked as sand (1st), soil (2nd) and gravel (3rd), and the dephoshorsation rate can be ranked as soil (1st), sand (2nd) and gravel (3rd). Under the maximum hydraulic loading rate, system uses sand and soil be the medium, and the denitration and dephosphorsation rate are higher than ninety percent. Therefore, in fact when we are dealing with sanitary sewage in reality, it may choice the flow of maximum hydraulic loading rate to decrease the handling area.

並列關鍵字

sewage treatment system ； subsurface wastewater infiltration system ； hydraulic loading rate ； nitrides ； phosphates

參考文獻

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