公路逕流之非點源單位污染負荷研究

A study of Nonpoint Source Pollution Unit Areal Loadings for Highway Runoff

鄧宇傑(Yu-Chieh Teng)

指導教授 ： 林鎮洋

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2010.00527

摘要

本研究決定量化不同交通量之公路污染量，首先，進行採樣點的評選，選定都市公路與郊區道路作為比較對象，另外，選擇一個熱點區域－加油站，進行暴雨初期採樣工作。本研究場址最終決定為台北市建國高架橋忠孝上至長安下路段（場址A），以及坪林行控中心前道路（場址B），熱點地區則為坪林加油站（場址C）。依照採樣工作計畫，完成暴雨採樣，當採樣結束後，依品保與品管流程於實驗室分析化驗各水質項目（SS、TP、NH3-N與COD），委外化驗（重金屬與油脂），為期10個月的暴雨採樣調查，由8筆化驗結果計算各研究區域之事件平均濃度，進而利用簡易法推估公路與熱點地區的單位污染負荷量與污染總量，作為國內本土化資料的依據。
　　研究結果顯示：SS濃度變化與降雨強度、流量變化呈現相同趨勢。SS與NH3-N之尖峰濃度多發生在尖峰流量發生之前，因為流量迅速增加，污染物質迅速被沖出。NH3-N濃度隨著降雨強度增強而降低，因為污染量減少，流量增加的緣故。場址A之SS、TP與COD濃度約為場址B的2~2.5倍，而NH3-N高達5倍之多，因為高架橋交通量遠高於坪林行控中心道路，而氮來源來自汽車引擎燃燒過程中，空氣中的氮氣與氧氣於高溫下反應產生二氧化氮，易溶於水，溶於水後，以該形式的氮呈現。SS年污染量以坪林加油站產生的最高，營養鹽、COD及重金屬部分，則是建國高架橋產生的年污染量最高。國內公路之單位污染負荷量遠大於國內各土地利用型態，顯示每單位面積非點源污染產生量相當可觀，應加以重視。在不同降雨型態之降雨強度下，污染物的尖峰濃度是不一致的，與該場之降雨強度有關係。與國外案例比較，高架橋型態之SS濃度高於其他公路型態，與本研究結果相符。

關鍵字

非點源污染 ； 公路逕流 ； 暴雨採樣 ； 暴雨初期沖刷 ； 單位污染負荷

並列摘要

The present research aims to quantify the highway runoff pollution. The research site was placed at the section of Zhongxiao to Chang’an in Jianguo viaduct (Site A) and the roadway front of the Ping-Lin Expressway Management Station (Site B) and Ping-Lin gas station (Site C). Site A was located in Taipei city, and Site B and Site C were located in the upstream area of the Feitsui resevoir watershed. This study depends on stormwater sampling and the Unit Area Loadings.
　　According to this research (from September, 2009 to June, 2010), the results indicate that the relation between suspended solids (SS) concentration and discharge is obvious in the three sites. The top concentration of SS and ammonia (NH3-N) happen before the top flow. Heavy rain would increase the runoff volume and dilute the concentration of NH3-N gradually. It was observed that SS、total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demend (COD) event mean concentrations (EMCs) of runoff from the Jianguo viaduct (Site A) were twice as much as suburban sites. During the storm, the EMCs of NH3-N were five times as much as the Site B. Because the vehicles engine working, it would make a lots of exhaust fumes. It is also the reason for causing nitrogen. The annual average daily traffic (AADT) of Site A is more than that of Site B, as a result the EMC of NH3-N is much higher than of Site B. The yearly quantity of SS produced by Pin-lin gas station is much higher than other two stations. However, the quantity of nutrients, COD and heavy mental materials contained in Site A are highest in three study sites. The unit area load of pollution measured at highway is much higher than it at other kinds of land uses in Taiwan. It shows that the high unit areal loading of nonpoint source of pollution is a serious problem facing Taiwan. After all, we must face it and solve it. In the different season rain type, the rain intensity will be different. The pollution concentration would be affected by the forward factor.

並列關鍵字

Nonpoint Source Pollution ； Highway Runoff ； Stormwater Sampling ； First Flush ； Unit Areal Loadings

參考文獻

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