雙儲能元件電動輕便車之能量管理

The Energy Management for a Light Electric Scooter with Dual Energy Sources

林易達(Yi-Da Lin)

指導教授 ： 蕭耀榮

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

電動輕便車一般使用鉛酸電池作為提供驅動馬達之能量源。但當電動輕便車在加速或上坡時，有短暫之大功率之需求，而此大功率需求須由鉛酸電池來提供，因此造成了電池之大電流放電，而降低電池可用之能量輸出，減少電動輕便車之續航力，且造成電池不可逆之使用壽命減損。此外，當電動輕便車於減速或煞車時，其動能是經由機械煞車轉為熱能所消耗掉，而形成一種變相的能量浪費。有鑑於此本研究採用具有高功率密度特性之超高電容作為電動輕便車之輔助儲能元件，利用能量管理策略做儲能系統供電之決策與煞車回充之控制，以提升能量使用效率及增加電動輕便車之續航力為目的。
在雙儲能元件電動輕便車模擬方面，本研究使用Matlab/simulink軟體建構反向式雙儲能元件電動輕便車之整車模型，以行車型態所需之車速輸入模型後，便可得知儲能元件系統充放電狀態之變化與系統中能量之流動，最後以實驗來驗證模擬結果。

關鍵字

超高電容 ； 反向式模擬 ； 煞車回充

並列摘要

Most light electric scooters use lead-acid battery to
supply power for driving motor. When a scooter is accelerating or climbing hills, driving motor needs transient high power which comes from lead-acid battery. Such a transient high power causes large discharging current from lead-acid battery, and then reduces available battery capacity. Meanwhile, it decreases driving range and diminishs the battery lifetime of light electric scooter. On the other hand, when a scooter is decreasing or braking, the brake system converts kinetic energy of scooter to thermal energy which can’t be reused efficiently.
Therefore, we adopt high power density ultracapacitors for scooter as an assistant energy source. Then strategy of energy management for system is used to control supplied power and brake regeneration in order to improve operation efficiency and increase driving range of light electric scooter.
In the simulation of dual energy sources for a light electric scooter, we apply Matlab/Simulink software to establish a complete vehicle model with dual energy sources for a light electric scooter by backward facing simulation. And we use driving cycle speed as input signal to vehicle model. Then we can analyze the energy flow of energy storage system. Finally, we verify the simulation results by experimental results.

並列關鍵字

ultracapacitor ； backward facing simulation ； regenerative braking

參考文獻

[18] 胡聰賢，電動車輛續航力之提升與煞車回收能量管理，碩士論

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a Hybrid Electric Vehicle,” SAE 2005-01-3452.

[10] Sang-Kwon Kim and Seo-Ho Choi, “Development of Fuel

Secondary Power Source,” SAE 2005-01-0015.