冰水機性能經驗模式之探討與應用

Study and Applications of Empirically-based Models for Predicting Energy Performance of Water Chillers

呂宛蓁(Wan-Chen Lu)

指導教授 ： 蔡尤溪 ； 李宗興

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/機電科技研究所/博士(2013年)

摘要

本研究主要目的在於探討冰水機性能預測經驗模式之發展，挑選出具有代表性之模式，藉由各種不同現場運轉數據及冰水機卸載特性的測試數據，進行冰水機性能經驗模式整體適用性之綜合評估。再將冰水機性能經驗模式實際應用於節能改善措施以求得節能改善效益，最後應用於冰水機故障偵測與診斷策略。
針對現有十一種冰水機性能預測經驗模式，利用廠商測試在定轉速、變轉速、定流量、以及變流量運轉狀態下，多達2000筆以上之運轉數據，進行經驗模式預測能力及模式適用性之評估。綜合研究結果顯示：(1)雙二次迴歸模式、複變數多項式迴歸模式、簡化複變數多項式迴歸模式、以及修正後之DOE-2模式，預測準確度(CV值)在1%範圍內，表示以上模式皆擁有優異的預測準確度。(2)使用ASHRAE Guideline 14之 Gordon-Ng簡化熱力學模式(CV=5.24%)需重新評估檢討，可尋求較佳之冰水機性能經驗模式。
本研究分別針對現場量測數據、長期監測數據及節能改善效益之數據，使用具代表性之六種冰水機性能預測經驗模式，進行預測能力之評估，研究結果發現：(1)無論使用於現場短期量測或長期監測，Modified Gordon-Ng通用冰水機熱力學模式，皆不適用於外部數據方法的性能預測；(2) 使用Gordon-Ng通用冰水機熱力學模式-冰水入水溫度可得到較佳的預測能力；(3)模式預測準確度嚴重影響預估之節能效益；(4)ASHRAE Guideline 14建議之 Gordon-Ng簡化熱力學模式較不適用於節能效益之評估。
本文最後所獲得之研究成果，將可作為日後空調系統的耗能分析、空調系統控制策略最佳化、冰水機現場性能改善的成效驗證、以及自動故障偵測與診斷等領域相關研究的重要參考。

關鍵字

冰水機 ； 性能經驗模式 ； 量測與驗證 ； 故障偵測與診斷

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate the development of the empirically-based performance models for water chillers. Several representative performance models were selected for a total evaluation on the prediction accuracy and the suitability. These models were then used in the verification of energy efficiency measurements for water chillers. Finally these models were used in fault detection and diagnosis of water chiller systems.
The prediction accuracy and model suitability of eleven empirically-based performance models for water chillers were studied. Then this study evaluated over 2000 datasets which comprise operating data for constant or variable chilled water flow rates, and for fixed or variable speed drive centrifugal liquid chillers. The results show that among the eleven empirical-based models, the Bi-quadratic regression model, the multivariate polynomial regression model, the simple multivariate polynomial regression model, and the modified DOE-2 model, all have prediction CV values under 1% for all datasets. These models were shown to achieve good prediction accuracy.
Then these six models were further evaluated in terms of energy saving potential using the data sets that comprise of short-term measurement data and long-term monitoring data. These models were evaluated for the performance prediction ability, model suitability, and energy saving analysis. This study found that (1) modified Gordon-Ng universal model cannot be used for external data, (2) the Gordon-Ng universal model has the best prediction accuracy, (3) performance prediction ability of chiller performance model will affect the analysis of energy efficiency analysis greatly, and (4) the proposed model in the ASHRAE Guideline 14 must be re-evaluated.
The results of this study provide important reference for selecting empirically-based performance models for energy analysis, optimal operating control, energy efficiency measurement and verification (M&V), and the development of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) systems for centrifugal water chillers.

並列關鍵字

Chiller Model ； Coefficient of performance ； ASHRAE Guideline 14 ； Measurement and verification ； Fault detection and diagnosis

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