校舍耐震補強後對物理環境及使用者行為影響之研究-以小學教學空間為例

A Research on the Influences of Strengthened School Buildings on Physical Environment and Using Behavior – Two Cases of Learning Space in Elementary School

康中興(Chung- Hsing ,KANG)

指導教授 ： 楊詩弘

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2006.00410

摘要

台灣經歷921地震後，對校舍造成受損相當嚴重，故須進行耐震補強修復。而目前國內相關耐震補強文獻大部份針對復原建築物結構性能為主，但對耐震補強後對於物理環境及使用者行為影響較少提及，且耐震補強構造形式造成建築物外周壁開口部面積減少。有鑒於此，本研究主要針對校舍耐震補強後對於物理環境(光環境、風環境)及使用者行為之影響進行探討，藉由『用後評估』之現場調查、訪談調查方式、儀器測量取得受地震破壞並進行補強之校舍使用者行為影響客觀資料，並透過電腦模擬出校舍補強前後物理環境(光環境、風環境)之差異，以提供工程師在進行耐震補強措施決策程序之重要參考依據。
本研究結論如下：
ㄧ、耐震補強對光環境影響部分
1. 依實地測量發現鋼骨斜撐補強之教學空間黑板面及課桌面平均照度值皆符合標準值，翼牆補強之教學空間部分單元光環境未能符合照度標準值，主要原因為燈具老舊、燈具設置太高所致。
2. 透過電腦模擬解析瞭解耐震補強構件造成教學空間自然採光影響程度，鋼骨斜撐構件造成教學空間自然採光量減少21-23%，使得室內陰影範圍變大影響室內光環境品質。翼牆補強構件造成室內自然採光量減少11%，自然採光影響較少原因與建築物座向有關。但教室前方翼牆構件造成黑板面自然光照度值降低，影響黑板面之亮度。
二、耐震補強對風環境影響部分
1. 校舍教學空間採用翼牆補強時，造成開口部面積減少，使得教學空間換氣率次數降低30%，可能造成教學空間污染物質及熱量無法排出室外。
2. 鋼骨斜撐補強構件未造成開口部面積減少，但產生障礙物，造成教學空間換氣次數降低1.8%影響，對靠近鋼骨斜撐構件開口部風速則減少20%。
三、耐震補強對使用者行為影響部分
1. 校舍教學空間最主要的問題為學生個人儲藏空間及儲物空間不足。當教學空間採用鋼骨斜撐補強時對使用者影響較大，學生經常在下課時段會因為構件而碰傷身體。翼牆補強構件只影響教學空間進出口動線，對於使用者活動行為影響較少。
2. 工程師在規畫校舍補強時，只考慮提升校舍結構性能，並未詳細考量補強構件對於使用者活動行為之影響，故所創造出來教學空間欠缺人性化設計。

關鍵字

耐震補強 ； 物理環境 ； 使用者行為 ； 教學空間

並列摘要

After the 921 Earthquake, schools damaged severely in Taiwan are supposed to be improved strengthened recovery. Until now, domestic documents in terms of strengthened focus on recovery of building structure; however, they seldom mention about physical environment and users’ behaviors. In addition, strengthened structure causes the reduction of areas in the outside building. As to it, this project focuses on the issues of physical environment such as light environment and wind environment after Strengthened recovery and user’s behavior. Getting objective data concerning user’s behaviors influenced by damages of schools is via the evaluation of personal survey, interviews and measure of professional instruments. Furthermore, it provides architects the critical standards to make the strengthened decision procedures, which is via computer to simulate the difference of physical environment after recovery, in comparison with before.
The conclusion of this project as following:
1. Aspect about light-environment of influence by Strengthened
(1)according to filed experiment, this research measures the average lighting values of strengthened with steel structure lateral loads between blackboard surface and desk surface in teaching spaces. Both of them fit standard but the light environment in the teaching space with strengthened with wing walls does not reach standards caused by antiquated light, too high light equipments, and inefficient light equipments.
(2) by computer simulation, getting information includes comprehension about the influential level of indoor natural light caused by Strengthened, the 21 to 23 percent reduction of indoor nature light caused by the composition of steel structure lateral loads ,and the influential indoor light quality caused by the increasing indoor shadow because of the composition of steel structure lateral loads . The composition of strengthened with wing walls results in the 11% light reduction of indoor nature light. The influence on natural light is rare about the directions of orientation of buildings. But the composition of wing walls in front of classrooms is lower natural light degree of black board, influencing the brightness of black board.
2. Aspect about wind-environment of influence by Strengthened
(1) the learning space in school improved by strengthened with wing walls results in the reduction of the opening area and 30 percent off gas exchange rate in learning space, might occurring pollution and heat not to exhaust out.
(2) the composition of steel structure lateral loads does not influence the reduction of the opening area but add some obstacles. Although it causes 1.8 percent off ACH in learning space, it is not a serious problem. But it causes the 20 percent off speed of wind nearby the opening area of the composition of steel structure lateral loads.
3. Aspect about users’ behaviors of influence by Strengthened
(1)the crucial point in school learning space is shortage of personal storage space. About this issue, Using strengthened with steel structure lateral loads influences users more than other options. During break, students from time to time get injured because of contacting the composition. The composition only influences circulation with entrance in learning space. It influences less in users’ behaviors.
(2) when architects design structural improvement, they only consider how to improve functions of school but not to consider the influence of he composition to users’ behaviors, resulting in building in the learning space lacking of consideration of human feeling.

並列關鍵字

Strengthened ； physics ； using behavior ； learning spaces

參考文獻

[2] 中華民國建築師公會全國聯合會，九二一集集大地震震災調查─建築物耐震能 　　力評估修復補強專輯，1999.12。

[21] 洪國豪，學校教室照明燈具設計之研究，碩士論文，台北科技大學建築與都市設計研究所，台北，2006.1。

[31] 林琪凱，九年一貫課程在傳統教學空間實施之問題探討，碩士論文，私立中原大學建築系，2003。

[35] 謝憲一，從領域觀點探討特殊教育學校開放空間之研究—以國立桃園啟智學校為例，碩士論文，私立中原大學建築系，2004。

[22] 黃貞燕，班群教室室內物理環境品質之研究─以高雄市為例，碩士論文，成功大學建築研究所，台南，2005.6。