主治醫師性別與工作壓力之關係－以兩家醫院為例

Physician Genders and Work Stress at Two Hospitals

馬正芳(Cheng-Fang Ma)

指導教授 ： 許怡欣

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/醫務管理學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6831/TMU.2007.00031

摘要

本研究之研究目的為探討主治醫師之工作壓力以及醫師性別與工作壓力之關係。本研究於2007年，對男性、女性者制醫師進行半結構式的質性深度訪談瞭解醫師在執業場所感受到的壓力，並透過橫斷性之問卷探討醫師性別與工作壓力間之關係。

本研究之質性言研究部分，以立意取樣之方式針對5位醫師進行深度訪談，將結果整理成逐字稿，並將醫師工作壓力歸納為工作本質、人際關係、以及個人因素，作為本研究架構之依據及輔助問卷設計。本研究之量性研究為橫斷性問卷調查，以兩家醫院之主治醫師為對象發放問卷，共285位，問卷回收203份，扣除非不適用之無效問卷10份後回收率為67.7%。主要結果如下：

一、主治醫師之工作壓力偏大
工作壓力有點大的醫師最多佔50.3%，非常大或很大的主治醫師有28.9%，很小或非常小的僅佔8.0%。

二、工作責任為主要壓力來源
醫師主要壓力來源以個人責任之工作壓力最大，而以人際關係壓力最小。

三、生理性別部分，男性主治醫師人數較女性多，性別特質為兩性化之主治醫師最多。
男性佔全部回覆者多數，約佔80.3%。性別特質的分佈以兩性化佔最多，佔全部回覆者38.0%，而未分化約佔27.6%、女性化18.8%、男性化15.6％。

四、男性在家庭經濟責任上壓力較大，而性別特質男性化之專業能力工作壓力較小
生理性別與家庭經濟責任工作壓力有關，男性回覆者在家庭經濟責任工作壓力大於女性回覆者。性別特質與專業能力工作壓相關，且在此部分男性化之回覆者工作壓力最小。

針對以上研究結果提出幾點建議。建議衛生主管機關重視醫師壓力的問題，並且建立一個女性醫師需求傳遞的平台。醫院管理者應協助醫師之壓力管理。後續研究學者更進一步探討主治醫師之工作壓力，並且發展適用於主治醫師之性別特質量表。

關鍵字

工作壓力 ； 性別 ； 性別特質

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to understand the work stress of physicians and analyze the relation between the genders and the work stress of physicians.

The qualitative research using in this study is purposive sampling to in-depth interview 5 physicians. The interview records were then compiled into written reports. From the results of the in-depth interview, three kinds of major work stress were defined: intrinsic to work, the relationship with others, and the personal factors. The results were used to improve questionnaire. The quantitative cross-section questionnaire survey among physicians in two hospitals was conducted to investigate the relation between genders and work stress in physicians. The questionnaires were sent to 285 physicians and returned by 203 copies. The response rate was 67.7% after eliminating 10 copies of invalid questionnaire. The main findings were as follows:

1. Physicians were stressful.
The measure indicated that most respondents felt a bit stressful (50.3%), 28.9% of all respondents had extremely or very high level of work stress, and only 8.0% respondents evaluted their stress as little.

2. The major sources of work stress was work responsibility.
The most important stress was work responsibility while the least ones was personal relationship with others.

3. The number of male physicians was more than that of female, and 38% of the physicians were androgynous.
The number of male respondents is more than that of female. As to the genders of respondents, about 38%of the respondents were androgynous, 27.6% undifferentiated, 18.8% masculine, and 15.6% feminine. In the conventional genders, masculinity is more than femininity.

4. Female physician had more in family economical sustain and masculinity in professional ability had less stress.
There were significant relations between sex and family economics responsibility. Male respondents rated the higher work stress of their family economical responsibility than that of female respondents. Masculinity of professional ability appeared to have the least stress.

Base on above findings, several suggestions were concluded. The health authorities should care about the stress of physician and build up the communication mechanism to take care the needs of female physicians. Hospital managers should assist physician in managing stress by themselves and resolve the manpower shortage in the hospitals. Critical research issues for future studies could be approached by the kinds of stress of physicians and development the appropriate indicators for the gender of physicians.

並列關鍵字

stress ； gender ； gender role

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