不同昇糖指數的主食對於過重或肥胖女性體組成及脂質代謝之影響

飲食是影響體內脂肪合成的重要因素之一，血中葡萄糖及胰島素濃度與許多脂質合成機制的調控有關。本研究為給予過重或肥胖女性不同昇糖指數 (Glycemic index, GI) 之主食介入，探討對於血脂及體組成之影響，並進一步了解其影響機制為何。實驗分成兩階段進行：第一階段招募 15 位健康受試者進行主食類食材 GI 值測定，選擇較低 GI 值主食作為飲食介入期之介入食材；第二階段招募 20 位年齡介於 20-50 歲的女性，條件為身體質量指數 (Body mass index, BMI) ≧ 24 kg/m2 及下列條件符合一項者 (體脂肪百分比 ≧ 30 % 或腰圍＞ 80 公分)，此階段採隨機、交叉試驗 (Randomized, cross-over study)，實驗之初先進行兩週的飲食調整期後隨機將受試者分為：(一) 正常飲食 (Normal diet, ND) 組 (二) 低 GI 飲食 (Low-GI diet, LGI) 組，飲食介入期各為六週，隨後進行兩週的飲食排空期，之後兩組交換飲食進行相同實驗流程。於飲食介入期前後收集受試者飲食記錄、以雙能量 X 光吸收儀 (Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA) 進行體組成分析及採集空腹血液進行血脂、血糖、胰島素及脂肪細胞激素之測定，並以西方點墨法 (Western blot) 進行脂質合成/分解相關酵素之蛋白質表現量分析。結果顯示，飲食介入前後相比，ND 組及 LGI 組飲食中總熱量、三大營養素及膽固醇攝取量皆無顯著差異，但膳食纖維攝取量 LGI 組顯著增加；體位測量方面，ND 組在體重及 BMI 顯著上升，而 LGI 組臀圍顯著下降，但飲食介入前後之體重、BMI 及臀圍改變量，於兩組間皆無顯著差異；血液生化值方面，LGI 組總膽固醇及低密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度皆顯著下降；並且 LGI 組體內脂解酵素：賀爾蒙敏感性脂解酶 (Hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL) 蛋白質表現量顯著上升，上升幅度為 193 %。故本研究發現，給予過重或肥胖女性六週低 GI 值之主食介入，可顯著降低體內總膽固醇及低密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度並且提昇體內脂解酵素 HSL 蛋白質表現量，未來，若可給予更長期的低 GI 值之主食合併限制熱量飲食介入，預期將可看到體重及體組成之改變的成效。

關鍵字

肥胖；昇糖指數；體組成；雙能量X光吸收儀；膳食纖維；賀爾蒙敏感性脂解酶

並列摘要

The lipogenesis in the body is affected by the diet composition via plasma glucose and insulin regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different glycemic index (GI) grains intervention on the lipid profiles and body composition of overweight or obese women. The study was composed of two parts. In part 1, fifteen healthy subjects were recruited to measure the GI values of tested grains. Low GI grains were chosen to apply in the experiment period of part 2. Part 2 was a randomized, cross-over and controlled clinical trail. Twenty women aged from 20-50 years were recruited. The included criteria were body mass index (BMI) higher than 24 kg/m2, and matched the either one mentioned below: fat mass ≧ 30 % or waist circumference > 80 cm. After 2-wk run-in period, subjects were divided into normal diet (ND) group or low-GI diet (LGI) group randomly; and the experimental period was lasted for 6-wk. A 2-wk wash-out period existed between each diet intervention. Diet records, body composition data measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and fasting blood samples were collected before and at the end of each diet period for further analysis. In addition, the protein expressions of lipogenetic and lipolytic enzyme were measured by using western blotting. The results showed that the intake of dietary fiber increased over time in LGI group compared to that at 0 week. Body weight and BMI increased significantly over time in ND group, and the hip circumference decreased significantly over time in LGI group. However, there was no any significantly difference of the change levels between the two groups. In addition, the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma decreased significantly over time in LGI group. The protein expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was upregulated markedly over time in LGI group. These results suggest that consumption of LGI grains for 6-wk could decrease plasma TC and LDL-C levels and increase the protein expression of HSL in overweight or obese women. A longer term study for low GI grains and energy-restricted diet intervention is needed in the further and a significantly change of body weight and body composition is expected.

並列關鍵字

obesity ； GI ； body composition ； DEXA ； dietary fiber ； HSL

參考文獻

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國際替代計量

不同昇糖指數的主食對於過重或肥胖女性體組成及脂質代謝之影響

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