探討不同哺餵方式對婦女產後六個月體重保留之影響

Effect of Different Type of Infant Feeding on Six Months Postpartum Weight Retention

劉麗華(Li-Hua Liu)

指導教授 ： 陳怡君

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/保健營養學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6831/TMU.2011.00121

摘要

肥胖是許多慢性疾病的重要風險因子，產後體重保留則是造成婦女肥胖的重要因素之一。目前國內針對婦女產後體重變化之相關研究並不多，嬰兒餵食方式對婦女產後飲食與體重變化相關研究更是稀少。本研究採用問卷調查及立意取樣的方式，針對產後婦女嬰兒餵食方式、飲食狀況與體重變化之間的相關性並探討影響婦女產後體重保留之因素。本研究以台北地區某教學醫院婦產科門診懷孕超過32週以上的婦女為召募對象，收案108人。研究期當中追蹤62位以哺育母乳的婦女(Breast Feeding組,簡稱BF組)與46位以嬰兒奶粉餵食的婦女(Formula Feeding組,簡稱FF組)，在婦女產後一個月、三個月、六個月進行追蹤調查。追蹤調查內容包括:(1)婦女體位測量資料(anthropology assessment):身高、體重，(2)嬰兒餵食與個人生活型態問卷，(3)飲食評估：24小時飲食回憶(24 hour dietary recall)。資料以統計軟體SPSS進行，包括描述性統計分析(descriptive statistics) 、卡方檢定(Chi-square test) 、t-檢定(student t-test) 、多變項回歸分析(Multiple regression analysis)。
研究結果顯示，懷孕期體重平均增加14.4±3.5公斤，產後六個月體重平均保留2.8±3.6公斤。不同哺育方式對產後六個月體重保留沒有顯著差異，但是在熱量及三大營養素攝取量上有顯著差異(p<0.01)。產後體重保留的相關因子以懷孕期體重增加量及嬰兒出生體重相關性最強。結論是母乳哺育組在熱量攝取明顯比嬰兒配方奶粉組多，但產後六個月體重保留量母乳哺育組比嬰兒配方奶粉組有降低的趨勢。因此鼓勵生產後的產婦母乳哺育至少六個月或更長的時間，未來類似研究應在飲食攝取量上做飲食衛教建議。

關鍵字

不同哺餵方式 ； 食物攝取量 ； 體重保留

並列摘要

Obesity is a key contributory factor to the risk of chronic disease, and postpartum weight retention is one of the main reasons for female obesity. Limited research has been conducted to date on changes in postpartum female body weight, and even less on how baby feeding methods can affect postpartum diets and body weight changes. This research will be based on a questionnaire survey and purposive sampling, and focus on postpartum baby feeding practices, diet status and body weight change. The purpose is to examine the relevancy of this three factors, and to explore other factors causing postpartum weight retention. Research samples will be collected from one Taipei medical center for clinical expectant women over 32 weeks pregnant, and the sample size was 108. Over the next six months, this research plans to track 62 breast-feeding mothers (BF Group) and 46 formula- feeding mothers (FF Group), and to investigate their body weight status after one month, three months, six months after childbirth. The following items was tracted：(1) an anthropology assessment：height and weight,(2) baby feeding practices and personal lifestyle, (3) diet assessment：24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using statistical software (SPSS), including descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, student t-test, multiple regression analyses.
The results showed that the mean weight gain during pregnancy was 14.4±3.5 kg and weight retention at 6 months postpartum was 2.8±3.6 kg. There was no significant between the different type of infant feeding and weight retention at 6 months postpartum, but food intake of calorie and macro-nutrition was significant(p<0.01). Gestational weight gain and infant birth weight was the variable most highly correlated to postpartum weight retention. Conclusion is that the total energy intake was BF group significant more than FF group, but six months postpartum weight retention was reduced of BF group more than FF group. So we hope breast-feeding six months after childbirth at least or longer, but it is need to diet control of energy intake in the future.

並列關鍵字

Different Type of Infant Feeding ； food intake ； Postpartum Weight Retention

參考文獻

高美丁，曾明淑，葉文婷，張瑛韶，潘文涵：國民營養健康狀況變遷調查1993-1996 台灣地區居民體位及肥胖狀況. 國民營養現況 – 1993-1996國民營養健康狀況變遷調查結果. 1995 行政院衛生署

陳綉鵑(2006) 以健康信念模式探討影響孕期體重控制之相關因素。 臺北醫學大學/護理研究所碩士論文。

Berk B. (1993) Body image and pregnancy:bridging the mind-body connection. A guide for health care professionals. Journal Perinatol 13：300-304

Butte NF, Hopkinson JM, Ellis KJ, Wong WW and Smith EO.(1997) Change in fat-free mass and fat mass in postpartum women: a comparison of body composition models. International Journal of Obesity 21:874-880.

Brewer MM, Bates MR, and Vannoy LP. (1989) Postpartum changes in maternal weight and body fat depots in lactating vs nonlactating women.1-3 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49:259-265.