社區照顧關懷據點形成過程分析:以桃園縣蘆竹鄉為例

The Forming Analysis of Community Care Centers: A Case Study of LujhuTownship in Tao Yuan County

郭小燕(Hsiao-Yen Kuo)

指導教授 ： 謝登旺

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊社會學研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

人口高齡化是近年來已開發國家普遍面臨的問題與趨勢，隨著人口結構老化及壽命的延長，台灣地區需要長期照護的老人與日俱增，不但造成家庭成員的負擔，也對社會造成極大的影響。為達成「在地老化」的理想，社區照顧的實施已成為政府推動老人照顧政策的重要方向。在行政院的「台灣健康社區六星計畫推動方案」中，更是以「建立社區照顧關懷據點計畫」為社福醫療面向的指標性計畫，鼓勵社區居民透過社區營造及社區自主參與的方式，發揮社區自助互助的照顧功能。
本研究以桃園縣蘆竹鄉外社社區與山腳社區為研究場域，透過觀察與訪談的方式，了解社區照顧關懷據點在社區中推動社區照顧的實際情況，並探討社區照顧關懷據點所發揮的功能是否滿足社區老人的需求，分析社區照顧關懷據點能夠成功的因素、面臨的問題與永續經營的做法，以提供社區在推動社區照顧關懷據點時之參考。
本研究結果發現，社區照顧關懷據點提供社區老人就近性與在地性的服務，滿足社區老人生理與心理方面的需求；也對社區共同意識的凝聚有正面影響，改善了社區的氣氛；對政府部門來說，社區照顧關懷據點分擔了政府照顧人民的沉重負擔，更是福利社區化的具體實踐。社區照顧關懷據點成功的因素則包含：負責人有強烈的動機與正確的心態、社區本身有良好的社團基礎與充沛的志工資源、社區居民與志工有正確的社區照顧觀念。社區照顧關懷據點面臨的主要問題是資源不足的窘境，與文書作業、經費核銷困難，想要永續經營社區照顧關懷據點，就必須要努力開發與整合各方資源、培育在地的照顧服務專業人力、重視健康促進課程的安排、關懷對象多元化，以激發更多人力與資源投入社區照顧關懷據點的推動。

關鍵字

社區營造 ； 福利社區化 ； 社區照顧

並列摘要

Aging population is a general problem and trend for developed counties. With the aging population structure and the extension of lifetime, the needs of long term care of the elder in Taiwan also increased. It becomes not only family members’ burden, but also enormous social impacts. In order to achieve the ideal of “aging in place”, the establishment of community care centers has become an important policy of Taiwan government. In the Taiwan Six-Star Health Community Project of Department of Executive, to establish community care center is the most representative sub-project in social-welfare medicine dimension. The project encourages residents of the community to help their selves and each other by community empowerment and community participation.
This research picked Lujhu Township’s Waishe Community and Shanjiao Community in Tao Yuan County as study fields. By ways of observation and interview, this study tries to explore the real situation of community care center and discuss whether the community care centers meet the needs of the elder. Besides, this study also analyzes what are the factors that community care centers get ahead, and what are the problems and ways of sustainable management.

The research result reveals that community care centers provide the elder nigh and local services and meet their physical and psychological needs. It also brings good effects for the cohesion of sense of community. Community care centers not only share the government’s responsibility to take care of people, but also a specific practice of welfare community. The key success factors of community care center include: (1) the superintendent has strong motivation and positive attitude. (2)The community itself has good base of civic organizations and abundant volunteers. (3)The residents and volunteers of the community have straight concepts of community care. In the other hand, the major problems that community care center faced are lack of resources and the difficulties in paperwork and expense grants. To sum up, the key to sustainable management of community care centers lies in exploring and integrating diversified resources, fostering local care service professionals, emphasizing the arrangement of health promotion courses, and diversifying targets of care, etc. To do so, it will inspire more manpower and resources to join the promotive work of the community care center policy.

並列關鍵字

Community Empowerment ； Community-Oriented Social Welfare ； Community Care

參考文獻

吳淑瓊、莊坤洋(2001)。〈在地老化：台灣二十一世紀長期照護的政策方向〉，《台灣衛誌》，第20期，頁192-201。

林萬億等(1999)。《台灣社會福利的發展：回顧與展望》。台北：五南。

桃園縣政府(2008)。《社區照顧關懷據點評鑑報告》。桃園縣政府。

Bulmer, M. (1987). The Social Basis of Community Care. London: Allen and Unwin.

Clark, M.,& B. Anderson (1967). Culture and Aging. Springfield. IL: Charles C. Thomas.