以智能障礙為主之多重障礙者運動機能訓練科技輔具之研發－以國立桃園特殊學校為研究對象

The design and development of exercise training machines for the multiply handicapped – in conjunction with National Taoyuan Special School

洪永杰(Yung-Chieh Hung)

指導教授 ： 徐業良

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

國立桃園啟智學校教育對象為中、重度智能障礙及以智能障礙為主之多重障礙青少年，該校復健館中設有職能訓練室，並聘有運動機能訓練專業人員，為這些智能障礙學生和以智能障礙為主的多重障礙學生做運動機能之訓練。該校使用的運動機能訓練設備，大多仍是市售一般性的運動或復健器材，然而對這些以智能障礙為主之多重障礙學生，運動機能的訓練設備的需求相當特殊，與智能正常者單純肢體運動機能復健之需求有很大不同。對於智能障礙學生運動機能訓練，使用現有的運動或復健器材，有從事訓練內在動機較弱、較難教導正確操作、個別差異很大、以及缺乏評估機制等幾項特殊困難。
本研究目的即在配合國立桃園啟智學校在對智能障礙學生運動機能訓練上之特殊需求，借助如微電腦控制、感測、虛擬實境等現代科技，研發以智能障礙為主之多重障礙者運動機能訓練科技輔具。本計畫擬定開發項目有適合下肢運動機能訓練的踏步機、腳踏車，除了必須達成其所需之運動機能訓練基本功能，如行走、踩踏、旋轉等之外，必須同時具備訓練趣味性、感測與回饋裝置、可以電腦程式控制（特別是左右側必須可以獨立控制）、以及可量化記錄訓練過程等四項共同特徵功能。本研究希望除具體解決國立桃園啟智學校現有問題之外，研發成果更能推廣至全國特殊教育學校，乃至於一般身心障礙人士及老人等。

關鍵字

科技輔具 ； 運動機能訓練 ； 智能障礙 ； 多重障礙

並列摘要

The National Taoyuan Special School is to educate the youths of moderate/severe mental retardation and multi-handicap. In the rehabilitation room of school, there are several exercise training and assistive devices for multiply handicapped students with mental retardation in order to exercise their upper and lower limbs. Also, a qualified physical therapist is always present during training exercise. However, the devices in the rehabilitation room are mostly bought from either commercial exercise or rehabilitation devices combined with some parts of special design. Hence, they are very difficult to fit the multi-handicapped students with mental retardation due to their special requirements. Nevertheless, there are several disadvantages for students of using these devices according to school''s experience during the past few years, such as lack of training motivation, difficult to teach the standard operation, large individual variations, and lack of quantitative evaluation.
Hence, this project is to cope with National Taoyuan Special School in order to fit the special requirements for multi-handicapped youths with mental retardation using current high technology, such as microcomputer control, sensing, virtual reality. The prototype devices of this project will focus on designing a step exerciser and exercise bicycle. Except the basic requirements of these exercise training devices (such as walking, pedaling, rotating, …etc.), we still need to consider the enjoyable, sensing and biofeedback, computer control (especially for the individual control of left and right sides), and automated record and keeping system. Hopefully, the research results can not only solve the current problems in National Taoyuan Special School but also apply to other special schools, handicapped people, and elderly society in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

assistive technology ； exercise training ； mental retardation ； multiply-handicapped

參考文獻

2. Cook, A. M., and Hussey, S. M., Assistive Technologies: Principles and Practice, Mosby, 1995.

3. Cross, Nigel, Engineering Design Methods, 2 ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1994.

5. DeRuyter, F., “Evaluating outcomes in assistive technology: Do we understand the commitment?,” Assistive Technol, Vol. 3, pp.3-16, 1995.

7. Gazzani, F., Macellari, V., Torre, M., Castellano, V., and Coratella, D., “WARD: A pneumatic system for body weight relief in gait rehabilitation,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology-Proceedings, v 2, pp. 547-548, 1996.

8. Dingwell, J. B., and Davis, B. L., “Rehabilitation treadmill with software for providing real-time gait analysis and visual feedback,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Transactions of the ASME, v 118, n 2, pp. 253-255, 1996.