要徑法時間成本互償問題之研析

A Study on the Problem of Time-Cost Trade-off in CPM Method

廖日爐(Jih-Lu Liao)

指導教授 ： 葉若春

元智大學/工程學院/工業工程與管理學系/碩士(1992年)

摘要

要徑法時間成本互償問題為專案管理中, 當計劃或工程經初步規劃決定其
完成之期限後, 或因履行契約規定之期限必須提早完成，或因配合某種情
況之需求必需縮短工期時, 此時可利用要徑法時間成本互償之方法將原定
配當重新予以規劃，完成最經濟趕工之方案，或研究如何擬訂最低總成本
之方案。　本論文即針對要徑法時間成本互償問題以線性規劃求解，首先
收集研討各種作業時間成本曲線之線性規劃式解法。其次採討在兩作業
需同時趕工，一作業需在另一作業完工前ｋ期間完成等各種不同之限制情
況下，其線性規劃式之解法。最後並舉一包含各種不同作業模式之計劃實
例，予以實證研究，研究之結果可供專案管理規劃時，作為經濟趕工或擬
訂最低總成本方案之用。

關鍵字

專案管理 ； 線性規劃 ； 要徑法 ； 時間 ； 成本 ； 互償

並列摘要

The results of the planning and scheduling stages of the
critical path method provide a network plan for the activities
making up the project and a set of earliest and latest start
and finish times for each activity. In particular, the
earliest occurrence time for the network terminal event is the
estimated "noraml" project duration time, based on so-called
"noraml" activity time estimates. The latter are times for
which the activity direct costs are a minimum. The main purpose
of CPM time-cost trade-off procedures is to reduce the project
duration time with a minimum increase in the project direct
costs by buying time along the critical path(s) where it can
be obtained at least cost. This research concentrates on the
applications of linear programming techniques to the problem of
CPM time- cost trade-off. First, the time-cost trade-off
problem will be introduced, and the integer-programming methods
will be presented to handle very general types of activity time-
cost trade-off functions. Then some different cases will be
discussed, such as a speed up of activity A must be accompanied
by a speed up in activity B as well, because it is
accomplished by the use of a special resource which acts
in common to both of these activities. Finally, one case study
will be run by computer software QS 2.0 and different cases
will be compared and discussed. The results of this research
will be helpful for project manager to plan the CPM time-cost
trade-off procedures.

並列關鍵字

Project Manager ； Linear Program ； Critical path ； Time ； Cost ； Trade-off