應用AHP與DEA模式評選供應商之研究-以戰甲砲車夜視裝備為例

A study utilizing AHP and DEA mode to evaluate vendors of Night Vision Sight for Tanks and Armored Combat Vehicles

廖麗卿(Li-Ching Liao)

指導教授 ： 張 百 棧 博士

元智大學/工程學院/工業工程與管理學系/碩士(2005年)

摘要

早年鑑於國內科技能力及資金不足，國軍必須自建能量以應戰備，然隨著科技水準逐年提昇，軍事裝備已朝高科技、高效能及精密的方向發展，未來更是如此，將來絕非僅倚靠軍方耗費鉅資自建能量即得以長久維持其之使用；因此，運用民間高素質能量及國家整體資源以企業化經營的方式來支援軍事裝備之後勤維修已成為必然之趨勢，國防工業與民間企業相同亟需面對未來市場要求快速反應及追求效率以提昇競爭力的挑戰，以有效結合民間力量與產業共同發展提昇工廠經營績效，促進國防工業與相關產業發展之效益。
本研究係以分析層級程序（analytic hierarchy process, AHP）及資料包絡分析（data envelopment analysis, DEA）之CCR-I、BCC-I模式兩種方法評選適合生產國軍戰備需求的戰、甲光電夜視裝備製造商，首先利用AHP 方法，進行專家問卷調查，選取廠商的評選準則之重要性程度，後依評選準則之權重選擇符合資格供應商，再依資料整理分析出投入與產出項，建構DEA評估模式與績效分析。
研究結果分析：一、從全體專家之AHP 研究結果發現，評估指標的優先順序為「裝備性能」（權重為0.492），而其次為「履約能力」（權重為0.345）、「廠商背景」（權重為0.163），評估準則依次分別為：「品質保證」（整體權重0.691）、「補給支援」（權重0.473）、「售後服務」（權重0.375）、「技術水準」（權重0.370）、「履約實績」（權重0.351）、「裝備機動性」（權重0.309）、「產製能力」（權重0.279）、公司規模（權重0.152），經第一階段評選15家廠商有13家廠商符合作戰要求。二、符合作戰要求之13家廠商中有5家廠商具有生產效率、有10家廠商具有純技術效率、有5家廠商在規模效率上表現最顯著，分別為A、B、J、M及N等5家廠商，其中以A廠商表現最好、E廠商表現最差。
以二階段多重比較分析係將個人主觀感覺加以客觀量化，再以方法論方式研擬評選機制，期能提供作為未來建案、採購單位制訂整體產業政策與實施相關產業配套措施的決策參考。

關鍵字

系統分析 ； 層級分析程序 ； 資料包絡分析

並列摘要

The Army had to fight his own war since no vendors of early days had neither technology capability nor sufficient fund to take part in the development of military equipment. As the years go by, the scientific and technology environment has reached to some point which also pushes the arms industry toward Hi-tech, Hi-efficiency and more accurate. This trend will extend into the next decade. The Army can no longer hold his ground by standing alone in research and development of new weaponry. Therefore, collaborating with highly evaluated civilian company and integrated national resources to support logistic maintenance of crucial military equipment by enterprised management has become an inevitable trend. National defense industry as well as domestic enterprises are on the same boat when dealing with today’s market demanding of fast response and high efficiency to increase competitive superiority, also by combining civilian work force and bilateral industrial cooperating to increase company’s revenue and capability of national defense industry at the same time.
This is a study using Analytic Hierarchy Process and CCR-I, BCC-I mode of Data Envelopment Analysis to select qualified vendors of Night Vision Sight for tanks and Armored Combat Vehicles. Firstly, utilize AHP method to perform an expert’s questionnaire investigation, set up the priority of evaluating criterion. Secondly, select the qualified vendors by weighted access criterion. Finally, analyze input and output items by data management, establish the DEA evaluating mode and performance analysis.
Analysis of study results: A. The result of AHP study by all experts decides the priority of evaluating index are as following: Equipment Performance (0.492 weighted), Fulfillment Ability (0.345 weighted), Manufactory’s Background (0.163 weighted). The order of access criterion are as following: Quality Assurance (0.691 weighted), Parts Availability (0.473), Customer Service (0.375 weighted), Technology Standard (0.370 weighted), Fulfillment Record (0.351 weighted), Productivity (0.279 weighted), Company Scale (0.152 weighted). There are thirteen vendors out of fifteen meeting requirement of combat from first stage of evaluation. B. Among thirteen qualified vendors, five of them posses productive efficiency, ten of them own technical efficiency and five of them are notorious of scale efficiency. They are vendors A. B. J. M and N. Vendor A has the best performance of all and E has the worst.
The way of two stages multiple comparative analyses are to objectify the personal subjective feeling and then establish the evaluating plan by methodology. Creating a decisive referential formula for further plan configuration, integrated industry policy generating and related manufactory consolidating, etc.

並列關鍵字

System Analysis ； Analytic Hierarchy Process ； Data Envelopment Analysis