教育志工參與及其組織網絡分析—以桃園縣中山國小為例 中文摘要 本研究主要是以校園教育志工為研究對象,旨在探討教育志工參與志願服務及其組織網絡分析,並從「社會網絡」的觀點對於「志願服務」領域提出一個新的思考方向與不同層面的探究。 本研究以問卷調查的量化分析及深度訪談的質性研究二者兼用,研究發現參與校園教育志工多數是學生家長,以已婚的女性居多,有宗教信仰且其工作時間的自由度高,平均教育年資13年,平均年齡41歲。 研究發現教育志工服務的動機具有多重性質,女性是志願服務場域中的重要資本,多數志工媽媽在「第一個」子女就讀小學的關鍵時間,因「親職教育」的需求動機,讓她們第一次擔任教育志工進而接觸志願服務的領域。其次,校園是志工志願服務資源網絡的平台,有超過八成的教育志工招募是透過「人際關係」媒介而進入校園的。由於學校同時提供志願組織之間交流的場所,許多非營利組織也在學校裡拓展了其人脈網絡,尤其,發現教育志工參與志願服務過程中,個別的志工成員亦能連結出與其他組織的網絡現象。最後,藉由了解志願服務政策推動的困境,在未來研擬獎勵措施時,能多面向考慮參與志願服務的志工特質,重視精神層面的人性化關懷,不要一味的訴求市場化的機制。 從以上的研究結論發現並提出建議,首先,建構志願服務成為公共資產,應從健全學校教育志工組織做起,學校行政做好橫向聯繫以強化志工組織的獨立運作能力,並建立資源、資訊流通的管道。對未來研究的建議則可以再擴大研究對象,並深入了解志願服務組織間的網絡關係,有效地發揮資源網絡連結的功能。
Volunteering in schools and its Organizational Network Analysis:The case of Chung-Shan Elementary School at Taoyuan County Abstract This study is to explore the current situation of voluntary service in public schools. The Social Network Theory is employed to analyze volunteers’ participation, and their organizational networks. The questionnaire and in-depth interviews are the two major research methods to collect date. The major characteristics of volunteers are female, parental, married, educated for 13 years, at the average age of 41, having religious belief, and with free working schedule. The participants have multiple motivations. We find that over 80% educational volunteers are enrolled through interpersonal relationship. The volunteers also extend their interpersonal networks individually in school. We also find that the public schools serve as the platform to connect voluntary organizations. These findings suggest that the management of voluntary organizations should focus on the networks of participants rather than on the leader’s personal network. We need to pay more attention on the humane side of concern rather than using the market mechanism to encourage volunteers’ participation.