作業場所警告性安全標示之組成元素設計原則研究

THE STUDY OF DESIGNED PRINCIPLE FOR COMPOSITION ELEMENTS OF WORKPLACE WARNING SAFETY LABLES

傅學超(Hsueh-Chao Fu)

指導教授 ： 江行全

元智大學/工程學院/工業工程與管理學系/碩士(2004年)

摘要

隨著工業科技的進步，各種快速精確的生產機具設備及化學原料也隨之大量進入到工廠中，因此生產單位中也就到處充斥著各種潛在的危害，除了護欄、護罩及防護具的使用外，安全標示也是使作業者遠離危害確保安全的一項利器值得吾人深入研究以增進其效能。
　　本研究第一階段先將僅具警示圖案的安全標示及圖文兼具的安全標示二者以隨機各挑選5張並以隨機播放方式挑選30位受試者進行辨識實驗，以瞭解作業現場中常可見到的二類安全標示何者具有較佳的辨識效率，實驗結果顯示圖文兼具的安全標示其辨識反應時間的變異較小，適合用來做為警告性安全標示的設計原則；另外第二階段實驗則依據第一階段實驗結果並進一步參考ISO及CNS標準所建議之安全標示組成元素，以實證研究方式探討安全標示在三種元素（1.不同圖文配置方式、2.顏色對比及3.圖案大小）的組合下對受試者識別反應時間的影響，共計組合成64張安全標示，並從工廠各作業階層的人員中隨機抽選48位受測者進行實驗，結果顯示各種安全標示組合中以二框橫式的配置方式、文字顏色為黃黑對比、標示圖形佔版面75%的安全標示組合使受測者最能在短時間內辨識清楚，但是在第二階段實驗中依標準設計而成的其他安全標示其正確辨識反應時間與最佳組合也相差不多。
　　依據本研究的過程及結論，建議警告性安全標示在設計時其內容應應兼具警示圖案及警示文字等元素組成來設計，雖然本研究的實驗結果辨識效最佳的安全標示組合為標示的圖案與文字應並列橫式排列、警示圖案的大小應佔安全標示圖框版面的75%至95%之間、顏色為黃黑對比；但是本研究也發現，只要確依ISO或CNS等標準的建議範圍內來設計警告性安全標示其辨識效率均能達到一定的水準；一般工廠中所使用未依標準設計的安全標示在本研究的實驗中其辨識效率較差。

關鍵字

警告性安全標示 ； 正確辨識反應時間 ； 辨識效率

並列摘要

With the progress of industry, a great deal of equipment and chemical materials are equipped and processed in factories, thus various potential hazards are around the workers. For workers’ safety, besides the uses of safety rails, goggles and protective equipment, safety labeling are one of the tools to alert and keep the hazards away from workers. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the arrangements (placement, color contrast and sizes) of safety labeling.
Interest in the first phase of this study was to examine how the two categories of “pictorial symbols only” and “pictorial and text” affect subjective evaluation. 5 pieces for each category were randomly selected, and 30 subjects participated in this phase. The result showed the response time for the warning sign of “pictorial and text” has the smaller variation, which means they are more suitable for the guideline of warning signs. Based on the results in the first phase and according to the standards of ISO and CNS, the second phase of empirical study was employed. 64 safety labeling composed of three elements (locations of picture/text, color contrast, and the sizes of pictorial) were developed to test the significances of response time of 48 workers from different factory levels. The results demonstrated that the safety labeling whose layouts have two horizontal frames, pair of yellow-black colors contrast, and 75% size of pictorial symbols of whole area could increase their salience likelihood of being noticed. The preferred layouts for intended conspicuousness obtained in second phase had the same noticeability as those employed by the ISO or CNS.
　 The findings in this study show that the content of a safety labeling should include both warning pictorial symbols and texts whose layouts useful to increase effectiveness of noticeability should be two frames horizontally located , and the size of warning texts should be between 75% and 95% of the whole labeling. Similarly, the guidelines used in the ISO and CNS can also accomplish the same effectiveness of warnings communicated to workers.

並列關鍵字

Warning safety labeling ； response time of correct discriminate ； effectiveness of discriminate

參考文獻

ANSI Z535.1(1991),”Safety Color Code”, American National Standards Insititute

ANSI Z535.2(1991),”Environmental and Facility Safety Signs”,American National Standards Insititute

ANSI Z535.3(1991),”Criteria for Safety Symbols”, American National Standards Insititute

ANSI Z535.4(1991),”Product Safety Signs and Labels”, American National Standards Insititute

Dewar, R.E., Ells,J.G.,and Mundy,G(1976).,”Reaction Time as an Index of Traffic Sign Percpetion”, Human Factors,18,pp381-392