過去有關廣告音樂的研究主要有三個方向:第一個是有音樂與沒有音樂對廣告效果的影響;第二項是音樂結構變化對廣告效果的影響;第三項是音樂與廣告主題間的一致性議題。本研究主要是針對Kellaris, Cox and Cox (1993)研究中所指出在高度吸引注意的音樂中,廣告音樂與主題間具有一致性者,會讓消費者在記憶上有較佳的表現。 然而過去研究中對於一致或不一致性的定義不甚相同,音樂在廣告中的比重也有所懸殊,因此本研究最終以Heckler and Childers(1992)所定義之不一致性的兩項構面:預期性與相關性,定義出本研究的不一致性,並採用廣告音樂與主題在文化意涵上的不一致性作為不一致操作的變項,認為透過不一致性會吸引消費者的注意力及更深層的認知思考,因此廣告音樂與主題在文化意涵上具不一致性者會有較高的記憶表現,同時有較差的廣告態度。此外Burns and Gold(1999)及Wickens(1972)在研究中再次證實了訊息retroactive 及proactive interference的效果,因此本研究亦推論:標的廣告的前、後支廣告,會分別因為此兩種干擾效果,影響到訊息整合及訊息接收階段,而在記憶上有較差的表現。 最終發現,具有不一致性標的廣告在記憶上有較佳的表現,廣告態度上則顯著低於實驗組。在干擾效果上,本研究證實了retroactive interference的效果,前一支廣告的記憶表現降低;然而proactive interference的效果在本研究中卻不顯著。
This thesis primarily based on the research made by Kellaris, Cox and Cox (1993). They pointed out consumers would have better memory when ad music and its message are congruent. In this thesis, we proposed and proved that when the incongruence existed between ad music and ad tone or theme, this “schema incongruence” would enhance consumer’s memory as a result of deep cognitive information processing. Besides, the incongruence would cause negative attitude toward the ad. When we consider this effect in an ad series, we proposed the retroactive interference on memory would appear because of the damage to the memory consolidation of previous ad. The proactive interference on memory for the following ad would be generated by means of the interference of information receives. However, our research result does not prove the hypothesis of proactive interference but retroactive interference.