我國筆記型電腦產業配銷體系模擬研究

Simulation of Distribution Model

宋德潾(De-Lin Sung)

指導教授 ： 湯玲郎

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2001年)

摘要

本文先經由產業現況資料蒐集及專家訪談，瞭解筆記電腦產業現行生產運籌模式，然後依據相關文獻包括供應鏈配銷網路建構理論、原理及原則，延遲理論在生產配銷流程上的應用及訂單、存貨管理方法，以需求導向之決策方式，建構筆記型電腦配銷體系的模擬系統，以評估不同的配銷策略，對存貨及服務水準有何影響。本文利用代工生產中心、組裝中心、倉儲中心、轉運中心、配銷中心及零售通路等組合出不同的配銷網路，針對不同的需求型態建構出九種模式，分為三種顧客訂購類型包括：(一) 透過零售商購買模組(module)機型；(二)以直銷方式購買裝配(Configure)機型；(三)以直銷方式購買模組機型(module)。從模擬結果顯示：在第一種訂單類型下，利用快遞直接配送到通路商的配銷方式可使系統存貨成本最低。當生產基地移往大陸時，由於大陸海關作業延遲，以再組裝方式所受影響最小。在輸入國海關發生延滯時，以配銷中心配送方式所受影響最低，當市場出現非預期性需求降低所造成的存貨積壓，或是需求有逐漸降低趨勢時，以傳統通路銷售較不受影響；在第二種訂單類型下，代工廠以CTO模式生產完成後配送給顧客的模式系統存貨成本較低。當生產基地移往大陸時，決策者可考慮採取通路組裝模式較佳。當輸入國進口發生延滯時，決策者可考慮以通路組裝模式為主要配銷管道。當市場出現非預期性需求降低，直接配送模式的系統存貨影響較小。在第三種訂單類型下，以直接配送方式系統存貨成本最低。當生產基地移往大陸時，仍以直接配送模式對系統存貨影響最小。當輸入國進口發生延滯時，直接配送方式系統存貨所受影響較低，但其交貨期限必須延長兩天。當市場需求預測高估時，直接配送模式所受影響明顯較其他兩模式低。

關鍵字

配銷 ； 系統動力學 ； 延遲

並列摘要

Notebook computer industry is very competitive in recent years. The trend of low price, mass customization, and shortened production life cycle push the members of computer supply chain must pay more attention to logistic operation to reduce total cost, provide customer more convenient service. Distribution system built was base on the supply network and the promise given to customer. As a result, we chose appropriate distribution and transportation model to satisfy customer requirements. If a company can make its supply model stable and efficient, that will enhance its own competitive advantage, and make a profit for business.
The purpose of this thesis is to build up several distribution models, and use the system dynamic tool to simulate these models, then evaluate the inventory cost in these model under various scenarios. At first, we collect the related literatures and get the basic knowledge about supply chain network, postponement strategy and distribution system. Further more, we interview some system leading manufacturers in order to understand their operations and the cooperation model with their up stream. Finally, we build nine distribution models by three kinds of consumer order formulation, test their efficiency, compare their differences of service level and inventory cost change under different scenarios, and suggest some advices to notebook industries.

並列關鍵字

BTO(build-to order) ； CTO ； system dynamic ； postponement

參考文獻

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