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  • 學位論文

火災熱流場區域模式與場模式之比較

Applications of Zone and Field Models to the Numerical Simulations of Building Fires

指導教授 : 林誠興
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摘要


國內經濟快速成長,人民所得提高,對於休閒活動日益重視,但每年因火災造成生命傷亡及財物損失極為嚴重。而火災行為中熱流傳遞及有毒氣體的擴散,在火災研究中相當重要,若能將火災模擬程式,應用到國內所發生的火災,確實瞭解高溫火場之溫度變化、煙層流動,不但可預測有效安全逃生時間,並可節省全尺寸模擬的大量花費。本研究使用美國國家標準局火災實驗室所發展出來之火災區域模式CFAST,分析民國84年元旦台中市衛爾康西餐廳火災發生造成64人死亡及11人輕重傷之嚴重事件,在考慮該火場發生與增設逃生門、灑水系統及抽風設備的情況下,分析火災場之溫度分佈、煙層厚度及CO濃煙的擴散,並與當時火災發生情況作一比較。同時利用火災場模式PHOENICS模擬澳洲維多利亞工業技術大學(Victoria University of Technology)所開發名為CESARE-Risk之火災安全系統實驗建築結構,在有無空調系統的情況下,分析在燃燒室之火源中心速度向量、溫度分佈及CO濃煙分佈,所得到的結果來驗證區域模式及實驗之結果,進一步分析衛爾康西餐廳火災事件,在考慮有無逃生門的情況下,計算火災一、二樓之溫度場、速度場及濃煙場之詳細分佈,將分析結果與區域模式結果相比較,驗證模擬的合理性,來加強對逃生安全的重要性,同時分析相關參數對火災場之影響,其結果可提供消防安全設計與法規制定之參考。

關鍵字

火災 建築物火災

並列摘要


Fire simulation models can be divided into two categories-zone and field models. There have been many fire models developed for simulating building fires. This thesis uses fire zone model-CFAST (developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.A.) to simulate a few building fire cases. Also, a popular computational fluid dynamic code-PHOENICS is used to perform field modeling of fires. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, some typical building fires occurred in Taiwan during the past few years are used as examples to test the capability of the fire simulation models. Qualitative and quantitative results are obtained to explore insight information regarding how to reduce�prevent the loss of human life and property.

並列關鍵字

Fire Building Fires

參考文獻


Jones,CFAST,The Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and
Smoke Transport.NIST Technical Note 1299,NIST,US Dept. of
【5】W.K. Chow,“Study on the Flashover Criteria for
【6】W. K. Chow,“An Approach for Evaluating Fire Zone Models”
VentilatedEnclosures”,Combustion Science and Technology,

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