以UML動態模型為基礎的測試方法

Testing Methods based on UML Dynamic Models

陳銘宏(Ming-Hung Chen)

指導教授 ： 范金鳳

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊工程學系/碩士(2005年)

摘要

測試在整個系統開發的過程中扮演了非常重要的角色，同時也是提昇系統品質的方法之一。測試又可細分為常態測試及干擾測試兩種，常態測試，產生測試資料以找出程式錯誤是重要且費時費力。干擾測試，針對要求高品質、高可靠度的安全關鍵或是任務關鍵軟體系統，常態的測試仍然不夠。除此之外，如何有系統的將錯誤植入干擾系統也是值得探討。
本論文主要目的是以UML動態模型為基礎，提出一套有系統的測試方法。UML是企業界與學術界競相遵循的物件模式語言，在常態測試中，本論文主要以UML動態模型中的循序圖(Sequence Diagram)及狀態圖(State Transition Diagram)為主，組合此二種UML圖形，以提供半自動產生測試程序，節省人力資源。干擾測試中，利用刪除、交換順序圖上的訊息或狀態圖上的狀態等方法來干擾系統，找出系統中關鍵的構成要件(Critical Component)。最後，本論文經過實驗，在測試涵蓋度及提昇物件導向測試品質上都有不錯的效果。

關鍵字

UML 動態模型 ； 干擾測試 ； 錯誤植入 ； 測試程序

並列摘要

Testing plays an important role to enhance software system quality. Testing can be divided into normal testing and perturbation testing. Normal testing uses test data to detect program errors; test case generation is time-consuming. For systems requiring high quality and high reliability, such as safety-critical software systems or mission-critical software systems, normal testing is not enough; perturbation testing can then be used. How to systematically inject faults to perturb system behavior is also worth investigating.
This thesis proposed systematic ways based on UML dynamic modeling to generate test cases for normal testing and perturbation testing. UML is the contemporary object oriented modeling standard followed by both software industry and academia. For normal test procedure generation, this thesis presented a semi-automatic procedure to save human efforts. For perturbation test, we proposed deleting, swapping, and making errors in sequence diagrams’ messages or state diagrams’ states to perturb system behavior. With such faults injected, we may then analyze failure effects and identify critical components in the system. Experiments showed that the proposed methods yield good test coverage and quality.

並列關鍵字

UML Dynamic Model ； Perturbation Test ； Fault Injection ； Test Procedure