臺灣地區重型柴油引擎汽車污染現況之研究

Research into Pollution From Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Vehicle in Taiwan

徐毓英(Yuh-Ing Shyu)

指導教授 ： 張昌財

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(1995年)

摘要

台北市環境保護局，曾委託台大環工所鄭福田教授的研究報告指出，都
會區有95﹪以上的污染源來自交通工具。截至民國八十五年二月，台灣車
輛總登記數13,377,302輛，台灣地區人口數為 21,333,442 人，密度
為593人/，車輛密度為371輛/；伴隨著車輛急速的增加空氣污染也隨之惡
化。空氣污染沒有標準底線，只是危害的程度不同而已。行政院環境保護
署八十二年空氣污染防制總檢討中顯示，佔總車輛數1.43﹪之大型柴油客
、貨車其粒狀污染物之排放量為19,627公噸，佔總車輛排放粒狀污染物
的41﹪。柴油引擎容易產生黑煙及粒狀污染物，這是造成都會區污染之主
要原因之一，亦嚴重影響到全體國民身體健康。有鑑於此，本研究針對在
台灣1994年上市的所有重型柴油引擎汽車進行污染物現況研究。研究結果
顯示，未加裝渦輪增壓器之重型柴油引擎，其劣化係數較加裝渦輪增壓器
之引擎來的低。重型柴油引擎汽車在污染排放方面：CO及HC排放量均非常
低，NOx的排放量偏高，黑煙限制器在無負載急加速時可有效降低黑煙的
排放量。要有效改善污染，油品亟待改良，使用替代燃料可有效改善污染
，亦是未來的趨勢。

關鍵字

重型柴油引擎 ； 劣化係數

並列摘要

A report from professor Cheng Fu-tien，form National Taiwan
University's Environmental Engineering Department，commissioned
by the Taipei Municipal Government's Environmental Protection
Agency indicated that over 95﹪of pollution in the metropolitan
district comes from motor vehicles.As of time February 1996 a
total of 11,856,526 motor vehicles were registered in Taiwan.
The population of Taiwan is currently 21,333,442 that is a
population density of 593 people/k㎡ and a vehicle density of
371 unit/k㎡．With the rapid increase of motor vehicles there
has been a corresponding deterioration in air quality. There is
no bottom line for air pollution it is just the degree of harm
that it does differs.In 1993 the air pollution prevention
general inspection conducted by EPA discovered that particulate
pollutants emitted by heavy duty diesel engine vehicles，
accounting for only 1.43﹪ of total vehicles, came to 19,627
tons，it is equal to 41﹪of particulate pollutants emitted by
all of the vehicles. Diesel engine vehicles were found to more
easily to produce smoke and particulate pollutants. As such they
are one of the main causes of pollution in the metropolitan
district and a serious influence on the public health. In view
of this，we undertook research into pollutants emitted from
heavy diesel engine vehicles which 1994 marketed in Taiwan.The
results from the research showed the heavy duty diesel engine
without turbocharger performs a lower deterioration factor than
the engine which is with. In terms of the emission of pollutants
，diesel engine emitted little CO and HC but an excessive level
of NOx. Under no load and rapid acceleration the smoke pollutant
can be restricted by Smoke Puff Limiter efficiently. If there
are to be effective reductions in the level of pollution then
fuel products have to be improved. To use of substitute fuels
may also be one of the way to reduce pollution and is a possible
trend for the future.

並列關鍵字

heavy duty diesel engine ； deterioration