小型化微波壓控振盪器之設計與製作

The Design and Implementation of Miniature Microwave VCO

塗金益(Jin-Yi Tu)

指導教授 ： 楊正任

元智大學/工程學院/電機與資訊工程研究所/碩士(1997年)

摘要

本論文以一般實驗室及工業製程上較易達到的單層PC板混成積體化製程
技術來研製小型化微波壓控振盪器，而對於頻段較高的壓控振盪器將微
小電感或其他元件以分佈式元件取代，以達輕薄短小､物廉價美之要求。
實際製作的壓控振盪器其實體大小約為10mmx10mm，經量測後顯示﹕所有
頻段之壓控振盪器其輸出功率至少維持在0dBm以上，而較窄頻的壓控振
盪器如900MHz~2.4GHz中適用於GSM及DECT系統的Clapp壓控振盪器，其
相位雜訊至少有-105dBc/Hz @100kHz﹔而較寬頻的壓控振盪器，如適用於
WLAN的Clapp壓控振盪器及適用於1850~1990MHz PCS1900/PACS共構系統之
共基極壓控振盪器，其相位雜訊至少有-95dBc/Hz @100kHz。另外，適用
於電視調諧器中200~850MHz的寬頻Clopitts壓控振盪器，因採用雙壓變
電容且將其安排於迴授網路上作為迴授分壓比之構件，而使其頻寬比能
達到理論值之極限，且保持良好之相位雜訊，約-110dBc/Hz @100kHz。
另外，傳統分析壓控振盪器之兩方法：一是小訊號的負阻觀點，此法雖
可快速概估振盪頻率，但對於其他振盪性能則是完全不可求知；而另一
方法為建立壓控振盪器之大訊號等效電路模型作非線性模擬分析，然而
此法卻有大訊號等效電路模型不易建立之困擾。因此本論文將提出一能
快速求得更精確的振盪頻率及決定輸出功率範圍的壓控振盪器設計法
"大訊號S參數非線性設計法"。此法保留了小訊號負阻觀點設計法的快速
及方便性，而在不用量測主動元件之大訊號等效電路模型下又能將主動
元件之非線性特性融入設計之中，故此法可清楚地掌控壓控振盪器在主
動網路之負阻特性及共振網路的反射係數，對電路架構之修正方向能給
予明確的指引，而於工程上更加實用。

關鍵字

壓控振盪器 ； 壓控振盪器設計方法 ； 小型化壓控振盪器

並列摘要

We have implemented the miniature microwave VCOs on single
layer PC board with hybrid integration circuit that is easy
fabricated in the Lab. and industry foundry. In order to meet
the commercial requirements of compact size, low power
consumption and low cost, the distributed elements are used to
replace the small inductance or other elements for operating
at high frequency. The measured results indicate: The output
power of all kinds of VCO are at least 0dBm. The narrow band
VCOs such as the Clapp VCOs, whose the requirements of GSM and
DECT and their phase noise are below -105dBc/Hz offset at 100kHz
. The wide band VCOs such as the Clapp VCO for 2.4GHz WLAN and
the common-base VCO for PCS1900/PACS, whose phase noise is
below -95dBc/Hz offset at 100kHz. The phase noise of Colpitts
VCO for 200~850MHz TV tuner is excellent about -110dBc/Hz
offset at 100kHz, because using two varactors for the voltage
divider of feedback network. There are two analysis methods
for VCO design: One is the negative resistance concept of small
signal model that can estimate the oscillated frequency,
but don*t know any other performance such as output power,
higher order harmonic and phase noise of VCO by using this
method. The other is establish the large signal equivalent
circuit model of VCO for nonlinear analysis, but it*s usually
hard to obtain the accurate large signal equivalent circuit.
For these reasons, we interpose one new method that can quickly
predict the accurate oscillated frequency and decide the rang
of output power, this method is named "Nonlinear Design Method
with Large Signal S-parameter". This method keeps the quickness
and convenience of small signal analysis and the nonlinear
characteristic of active device without measuring the large
signal equivalent circuit model. So, the negative resistance
of active network and the reflection coefficient of TANK
network can be controlled clearly by this method and it gives
us a way to evaluate the trend of circuit frame. It*s more
useful and practical for microwave engineer.

並列關鍵字

vco ； vco design ； miniature vco

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