陶瓷(瓷磚)製造過程中產出氟化物之研究

Study of the emission of fluoride from ceramics manufacturing industry

林永欽(Yung-Chin Lin)

指導教授 ： 江右君

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2006.00109

摘要

本研究得四個本土氟化物係數結果，燃燒重油的噴霧乾燥塔如以袋式集塵器作為防制設備，其係數為0.0077 kg/tonne-土粉，而採填充床式洗滌塔則為0.012 kg/tonne-土粉；以天然氣為燃料且未設防制設備的燒成窯，在窯的加熱區其係數為0.0205 kg/tonne-瓷磚，在冷卻區的係數為0.0022 kg/tonne-瓷磚。單就燒成窯的加熱區與冷卻區廢氣中產出氟化物的比較，可知在加熱區的氟化物排放佔全部約90.3%，而冷卻區的氟化物約佔全部氟化物的9.7%。因子分析結果，噴霧乾燥塔：(1)如減少原料進料率則將提高排氣溫度、排氣含水率，及減少硫氧化物濃度；(2)減少排氣流速則將提高CO2、NOx及粒狀物濃度；(3)增加燃料(重油)進料率則O2濃度降低；(4)減少燃料進料則氟化物濃度相對降低。燒成窯：(1)如排氣溫度增加，則氮氧化物及O2濃度降低，其次排氣流速、CO2濃度及粒狀物濃度增加，而減少原料進料率，相對需提高排氣溫度；(2)增加原料進料率，則O2濃度、氟化物濃度及硫氧化物濃度減少、(3)如增加燃料（天然氣）進料率將增加O2的消耗，而增加CO2及氟化物濃度。最後質量平衡計算，各單元中氟化物平衡結果，非高溫操作單元造成氟化物損失主要係因原料逸散而減少，約佔3.86 %；而因高溫造成氟化物釋出的比例，噴霧乾燥塔佔78.39 %，燒成窯為16.25 %，最後仍存在產品中佔0.64 %，而有0.87 %是因分析誤差及燒成窯中部份氟化物流向由其他出口釋出（如前後端）而無法估算之逸散。而無論氟化物在噴霧乾燥塔或燒成窯的廢氣中，以氣態氟佔多數約98%以上，其餘為固態氟。

關鍵字

氟化物,排放係數

並列摘要

Results show that there are 4 emission factors of the fluoride according to different units. The emission factor in spray dryer with burning heavy oil is 0.0077 kg/tonne-soil; in the wet scrubber with packed tower is 0.012 kg/tonne soil; for the kiln with burning natural gas and without control equipments, the emission factor is 0.0205 kg/tonne tile in the heating area and 0.0022 kg/tonne tile in the cooling area. Compare the fluoride emissions in the heating area with the cooling area in the kiln, it shows about 90.3 % of fluoride is emitted in the heating area. According to the results of factor analysis, in the spray dryer, (1) the decrease in the feed rate of raw materials will increase the exhaust temperature, exhaust moisture, but reduce the concentration of sulfur oxides; (2) the reduction of exhaust speed will enhance the concentrations of carbon dioxide, nitric oxides, and particulates; (3) the increase in the feed rate of fuel (heavy oil) will reduce the oxygen concentration; (4) the concentration of the fluoride decreases with the decrease in the feed rate of fuel. For the kiln, (1) the concentrations of nitric oxides and oxygen decrease with increasing exhaust temperature; (2) the increase in the feed rate of raw materials will decrease the concentrations of oxygen, fluoride and sulfur oxides; (3) the increase in the feed rate of fuel (natural gas) will enhance the oxygen exhaust and increase the concentrations of carbon dioxide and fluoride. Finally, the results of mass balance show that the losses of fluoride in non-heating areas primarily come from the escape of raw materials (3.86 %). While the emissions due to the high temperature, 78.39 % is in the spray dryer and 16.25 % is in the kiln. There is a difference of 0.87 % which is probably attributed to the analysis error or the escape from other exits. To sum up, whether in the spray dryer or in the kiln, the fluoride is present in the gaseous phase over 98 %, and the rest is adsorbed in the solid phase.

並列關鍵字

Fluoride, emission factor

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