資訊科技創造企業競爭優勢之研究–以國際航空快遞業為例

A Study on the Competitive Advantage using Information Technology - A Case Study of Express Delivery Service

張衛仁(Wei-Jen Chang)

指導教授 ： 王秉鈞

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊管理學系/碩士(2006年)

摘要

在許多企業組織中，普遍的使用資訊科技以提供企業創造一個永續性、重要性、成長性的競爭優勢，確保足以支撐及擴展組織的策略、競爭優勢與目標，國際航空快遞業也不例外，因電子商務時代的到來，國際航空快遞業對於無疆域貿易模式佔有絕對的重要性。就實體面而言，物件配送因各國經貿往來遽增而更加頻繁，就虛擬面而言，貨件追蹤的資訊，提供全球各企業內部預測的重要因素之一。

採用資訊科技幫助企業創造競爭優勢，在資訊管理領域相關文獻一直受到廣泛的重視[Harrison ,1997]。國際航空快遞的優勢在於遍佈全球的網絡，提供客戶更多目的地選擇，快捷的運送服務以及即時的運送流程資訊服務，於是運用資訊科技對於國際航空快遞業言日趨重要。國際航空快遞業導入：(1)貨件追蹤系統提供即時狀態，對內部作業及外部客戶都帶來效益。(2)清關系統達成貨件預先清關，加速作業流程。(3)行銷資料庫系統分析客戶行為模式，提供企業行銷決策。

本研究將記錄並探討一些重要的理論與模型，並以國際航空快遞公司為研究對象，蒐集有關以資訊科技協助企業發展策略優勢的公開資料，並以資訊科技創造企業競爭優勢做為研究的主題，期望對於資訊科技與競爭優勢之間的關係加以深入探討。

結果發現：(1)資訊系統於價值鏈中所連結的範圍越廣，效益越大。(2) 組織外部客戶導向資訊系統效益大於組織內部作業運作資訊系統。(3)策略資訊系統不再只是支援內部作業，還要能營造企業外部的持續競爭優勢。(4)資訊科技進步的腳步越來越快，資訊科技為企業帶來的競爭優勢將有短暫性的趨勢。(5)國際航空快遞業分享其貨件追蹤資料，實體化運送的活動結合虛擬化的貨件追蹤資料，使價值鏈產生了改變，全新的價值隨之被釋放出來，為公司及客戶都帶來好處。

關鍵字

國際快遞 ； 資訊科技 ； 價值鏈 ； 競爭優勢

並列摘要

In many organizations, IT (information technology) is used widely. IT creates organizations with ability to generate a lasting competitive advantage that ensures the expansion of the organization ' strategy is developed. The express delivery industry has stepped in to look at the bigger picture. Because of the era of E-Commerce, the global trade is expected to increase over the next few decades. Thus express delivery plays an important part to the global trade. In reality; the frequency of shipments delivery growths in size.Well in the virtual shipments tracking information has become one of the most important factors for internal operation of enterprises.

Adopting the IT helps enterprise create competitive advantages. It is the valuable subject and is extensively being used in the management information territory [Harrison, 1997]. The advantage of the express delivery lies on the network that spreads throughout the world. It provides customer the destination selection、the express delivery service and real-time shipments tracking information. Gradually, the IT to the express delivery industry is getting more valuable. The express delivery industry has implemented: (1) The shipments tracking system to provide an instant status for internal operation and external customers. (2) The pre-customs clearance system to accelerate the operation process. (3) A marketing system to analyze customer's behavior pattern and support the enterprise decision.

This research probes into some important theories and models and it will also take the express delivery company as a research object. It collects relevant public cases that the enterprise develops strategy advantage using IT. We will deeply take into a thorough study in the relation between IT and competition strengths.

Therefore, this research shows：(1) The wider range of information system in the value chain, the more of the benefit. (2) The effect of the information system of the external customer-direct is greater than the internal operation of organizations. (3) The strategic information system is not only supporting the internal operations, but it also builds the capability for external competition. (4) As the IT progressively improves, the advantage brought by the IT has a tendency intended for a short period. (5) The express delivery industry shares shipments tracking data with others. To bring common interests to both own company and customers.

並列關鍵字

Express Delivery Service ； Information Technology ； Value Chain ； Competition Advantage

參考文獻

王秉鈞，「個案研究法個案研究法在企業管理上之應用與評議」，

張緯良，「資訊技術之運用對組織的影響」，政大企研所博士論

Arthur Middleton Hughes，Database Marketing Institute.

Bill Gates，"Business@The Speed of Thought" Warner Books,

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