越南新移民女性生活適應之研究－以桃園縣為例

Adaptation to New Life for Vietnamese Women–A Study Based on Taoyuan County

洪誼倫(Yi-Lun Hung)

指導教授 ： 陳燕禎

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

近年來國內新移民大量增加，新移民（或稱外籍配偶）的總人口數為399,038人，其中越南新移民成為我國重要人口族群佔77,980人。故本研究旨在探討越南新移民的生活適應，主要包含三大方面：飲食習慣、民俗節慶及穿著配戴之生活適應狀況，並探討影響其生活適應的因素，以建構其生活適應模式。本研究採質化研究的深度訪談法，以桃園地區為研究範圍，共完成深度訪談樣本12位（其中北越8位、南越4位）。
本研究結果為：1.飲食習慣方面：越南新移民以夫家的飲食習慣為主，但當她們擁有自由選擇的空間時，會回味原生國家的特殊飲食，如假日到越南小吃店吃越南料理（如鴨仔蛋等）。2.民俗節慶方面，因台越兩國在民俗節慶與宗教信仰原本差異性並不大，如越南新移民亦信奉佛教為主，在民俗節慶方面她們也是快速融入台灣的慶典當中（如中秋節）。3.穿著配戴方面，兩國的文化和服飾穿著仍有所不同，如台灣對越南新移民的特殊穿著常出現負面評價（全身穿白色服裝或黑褲白衣），甚致產生文化誤解，也導致她們在台期間只有在重大節慶或受邀表演時，才會穿著傳統服飾。此外，本研究亦將越南新移民來台後的適應過程分為「依賴順從期間」、「文化衝擊期」、「調適期」、「熟悉期」的四大過程。
最後根據研究結果提出建議：1.食物方面應給予「替代性」食物，如以麻辣鍋代替重鹹口味、鴨仔蛋等食物，以解思鄉之情；2.穿著方面當越南新移民穿著原生國家的傳統服飾，我們應給予接納與欣賞；3.建議政府與民間團體應重視推廣多元文化產業，並從國小教育開始，如於小學舉辦越南服飾的展覽、烹飪小吃共同分享等。

關鍵字

越南新移民 ； 生活適應 ； 社會網絡 ； 飲食習慣 ； 民俗節慶

並列摘要

In recent years, a greater number of new immigrants have entered Taiwan with the total number of new immigrants (also known as “foreign spouse”) reaching 399,038. Among this number, the new immigrants from Vietnamese have taken up a total of 77,980 people, becoming an important part of our population. The purpose of this study is to explore how these immigrants from Vietnamese have adapted to their new life here in Taiwan. The study focuses on three major aspects: diet habits, folklore festivals and outfit/accessories. Moreover, the study covers the major factors that influence their adaptation to the life here in order to establish the pattern for their life adaptation. This study takes the format of a qualitative study with in-depth interviews. The research scope is limited to Taoyuan area and 12 immigrants (eight from North Vietnam and 4 from South Vietnam).
The results of this study include the following. First, in terms of diet habits, the new immigrants have adapted to the eating habits of their in-laws; however, if they are free to make any choices, they would choose the special flavors of food from their home countries. For example, during holidays, the immigrants will go to visit Vietnamese eateries for Vietnamese food such as Duck Eggs. Second, in terms of folklore festivals, the differences in folklore festivals and religions between Taiwan and Vietnam are not big. For example, most Vietnamese immigrants also believe in Buddhism. As a result, the women can adapt to the folklore festivals (for instance, the Moon Festival) very quickly and well. Third, in terms of outfits and accessories, the two countries have different cultures and outfits. As a result, Taiwanese people often have negative comments on the outfits of new immigrants (as they often wear all white or all black clothes). This negative attitude has further led to cultural misunderstanding. Consequently, the immigrants only wear their traditional outfits when there are important festivals or when they are invited to give a performance. Moreover, this study has divided the adaptation process of immigrants after they have reached Taiwan into four stages: dependence/obedience period, cultural shock period, adaptation period and familiarity period.
Finally, this study has provided the immigrants with the following suggestions. First, in terms of food, they should be provided with “replacement” food. For example, Spicy Hot Pot can be used to replace salty food or Duck Eggs so that they will not develop homesickness. Second, in terms of clothing, when the immigrants wear their own traditional outfits, they should be accepted and appreciated. Third, it is suggested that the government and private sectors value the promotion of diverse cultures. Such an attitude should begin at elementary schools. For instance, elementary schools can hold the exhibitions to display Vietnamese clothing and cuisine tasting events.

並列關鍵字

Vietnamese new immigrants ； life adaptation ； social network ； diet habits ； folklore festivals

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