摘要
一天二十四小時中幾乎有一半的時間是在自己居住的住宅中，也因住宅中有潛在許多的火災因子，火災的風險性也相對提高。台灣屬於居住密集高的國家，很多建築物都是相鄰而建，使得火勢的延燒以及搶救的困難，造成人員傷亡與財物損失。本案例為老舊眷村平房住宅，建築結構多為雙拼磚牆及木造結構，易造成火勢的助長，加上建物以及輸電線路老舊，且住戶本身並無建物所有權，對建築物無確實的修繕，種種因素都增加了火災發生性及複雜性。居住人員多半為年老榮民，防火逃生觀念不足，因眷村多為一樓平房，為了防止盜竊都加裝鐵窗，使得逃生不易。為了避免或減少類似災害發生，針對眷村建築物做火災之研究。 本研究利用NIST所發展的FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)來進行火災模擬，依照消防局火場鑑識課所提供的資料以及從報章媒體獲得的資訊中，建立成模型進行模擬，並探討火災發生時，所產生的高溫、二氧化碳濃度以及氣層高度的變化，進而改變模型設定參數，如建物的裝潢材質、增減主火源熱釋放率等，研究變動相關參數對火災的影響。希望本研究對於防火工程有參考價值，以降低人員的傷亡及財產的損失。
並列摘要
People stay in their own residence for more than twelve hours every day. Residential fires often cause high risk of fire disasters. Taiwan is a high population density country where most buildings are closely adjacent, that makes the difficulty for firefighters to do their rescue, thus lead to serious human casualties and property losses. This dissertation studies the aged military dependants’ villages where most part of houses are of single-storey double or single-unit made of bricks and wooden structure which are combustible in the fire. In addition, due to the aged electric wires, residents have no ownership can not make a proper improvements to the houses, etc. increasing the possibility of fire disasters and the complexity of fire rescue. Most residents are of aged veterans who lack fire-prevention and escape concepts/knowledge. As most buildings are the sort of single-storey houses and installed with metal grating windows for burglary prevention which has made escape more difficult. For avoiding or reducing the possibility of such disasters, a fire study for military dependants’ villages should be necessary. The FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software developed by NIST is employed in this research to conduct fire simulation. To simulate the fire model established according to the data provided from Fire Inspect Division of Fire Bureau and media press for exploring the changes of high temperature, carbon dioxide density and air layer heights and then to setup the model by changing the parameters, such as interior decoration materials, increasing or decreasing heat release rate of main fire source and analysis on how relevant parameters influence the fire disaster. Hopefully, this research can offer reference values for fire-prevention engineering and reduce personnel casualty rates and property damages.