碳權交易機制下之機組排程研究

A Study of Unit Commitment under Cap Carbon Emission Trading Scheme

王文祥(Wen-Shiang Wang)

指導教授 ： 陳以明

元智大學/工程學院/工業工程與管理學系/博士(2009年)

摘要

傳統的電力調度的「機組排程 (Unit Commitment, UC)」問題以經濟調度為主，惟面對日益嚴重的全球暖化問題，抑制溫室氣體儼然已為刻不容緩的課題。聯合國「跨政府氣候變遷小組 (IPCC)」研究指出二氧化碳為溫室氣體主要來源。聯合國「氣候變化綱要公約 (UNFCCC)」於 1997 年通過「京都議定書 (Kyoto Protocol)」，運用「碳權排放總量管制與交易 (Carbon Cap-and- Trade, CCT)」概念以強制性減碳規範及允許碳權交易的彈性機制，成為國際公認最具體可行的減碳方案。因此，本研究據以探討 CCT 概念對於 UC 問題調度策略的影響。
根據 UC 問題的框架，提出「混合 PSO/GA 演算法」有效解決機組運轉調度問題的尋解演算。同時也納入 CCT 概念的 CCTUC (Carbon Cap-and-Trade of Unit Commitment) 問題，結合本研究則提出「MRS 函數」演算方法協助求解污染排放減量之調度。經以 IEEE-30 bus 電力系統實例測試分析結果，對於僅考慮污染排放總量管制的 ECUC (Emission Constrainted Unit Commitment) 問題，「MRS 函數」演算法可有效均衡調度離、尖峰時段的污染排放量，滿足總量管制的限制條件，所得燃料成本為最低。進一步與 CCTUC 問題求解結果比較，後者可權衡運用不同減碳方式，明顯較具調度彈性，所得總成本亦較 ECUC 問題調度模式為低，較為符合電力產業面對日益嚴格規範污染排放減量的需要。

關鍵字

機組排程、邊際替代率、碳權排放總量管制與交易

並列摘要

Traditionally, the Unit Commitment (UC) strategy of operating dispatch in power system is mainly concerned with the economic dispatch. However, because global warming is becoming more and more serious, it has become an important task to control greenhouse gases. The Kyoto Protocol, an agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, was adopted in 1997, and the Carbon Cap-and-Trade (CCT) concept is applied to the enforcement of reducing carbon emissions and the mechanism of emissions trading; the Kyoto Protocal is therefore become an internationally recognized program to reduce carbon emissions. This paper aims at probing into the influence of the CCT concept on the the UC strategy of operating dispatch in power system.
Based on the frame of the UC problem, the proposed integrated GA/PSO algorithm is efficiently to solve the dispatch problem on the UC operating strategy. Meanwhile, the CCTUC (Carbon Cap-and-Trade of Unit Commitment) based on CCT concept, is also combined with the propose MRS algorithm to solve the dispatch of reducing emissions. By using the IEEE-30 bus system to test, the MRS function is being proved the result of dispatch emissions in the peak and off-peak periods, meet the constraints of total emission control. Compared with the solution of the ECUC (Emission Constrainted Unit Commitment) problem, which the control of the total emissionis the only consideration, the model of CCTUC is more flexible in dispatch because it can use different ways to reduce carbon emissions; besides, its total cost is lower than the cost in the dispatch model of the ECUC problem. Therefore, it is more in line with the demand of the power industry to face the increasingly stringent regulations on reducing emissions.

並列關鍵字

Unit Commitment (UC), Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS), Carbon Cap-and-Trade (CCT)

參考文獻

1. UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, English Conference of the Parties, Third session Kyoto, Dec. 1997.

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