- 學位論文
台北市寧波西街公寓火災模擬
Simulation for an Apartment Fire In Ning-Po West Street, Taipei
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摘要
綜觀台灣近幾年的火災，每年因建築物失火所造成的損失相當可觀，雖然可以在火災發生後，藉由消防器材及人員來抑制火災及減少損失，但畢竟事後的滅火工作都是屬於被動的。如果想要積極的減少火災的發生及蔓延，最好在建築物的設計階段就先考慮防火的因素。例如使用不易引燃的材料、建築物內部空間的分隔以及設置有效率的通風系統等，都應考慮到其對火災蔓延以及發展的影響，這樣的事前防火是最有效率的。而為了達到這種事前防範，我們除了有必要對建築材料和各種傢俱的燃燒性質加以研究外，也需對火場中火勢的蔓延發展及濃煙的流動有深入的瞭解。先進國家對火災現象之研究均給予高度重視，無不投入大量的資源，至於國內此方面的研究由於起步較慢，更需儘速投入充足的人力。 本文係透過真實案例，利用「FDS」軟體來分析火場，檢視火災發生時造成重大傷亡的原因，並針對影響火災之重要因子，做不同的參數修正，以探討火場之上層溫度、氣層高度及CO氣體濃度等變化，進而利用這些資訊以了解老舊公寓對防災的改善方法。本研究案例之起火點位於四樓客廳內，起火源則為延長線插座。而客廳剛裝潢完畢，因此使用大量的易燃物為裝潢材料，導致火勢迅速燃燒，雖然火災發生當時火勢並不大，但因火災當時屋內各門窗皆緊閉，使得大火所產生之濃煙無法順利排出屋外，而蔓延於室內及各房間內，再加上起火點又是唯一的通道，導致人員停留火場時間過長，因而造成五人吸入過量濃煙導致死亡的慘劇。
關鍵字
上層溫度、氣層高度、CO氣體濃度並列摘要
To make a view on fire records in recent Taiwan, the building fires caused considerable losses every year. Although fire accident can be suppressed and reduced losses by fire-fighting equipment and personnel efforts, but fire-fighting work afterwards is belonging to the passive one after all. It is better to consider and design building’s fire prevention factors first, try to reduce fire from occurring and spreading. For example, using incombustible material, separating room division and setting efficient ventilation system etc., all the works should consider the influence of fire spread and its development, thus fire prevention will be very efficient in advance. To reach the above purposes, it is necessary to study burning natures of construction material and different furniture, and need to understand fire development and thick smoke flow in a fire scene too. The advanced country pays great attention to the research of fire phenomena, put into a large number of resources invariably, as for the domestic research in this aspect start slower, need to invest sufficient manpower as quickly as possible even more. This text uses ' FDS ' software to analyze a fire, discussing why the fire causes great injuries and deaths through a true case, and revising different parameters which influence important factor of fire, in order to study the changes of upper layer temperature, air layer height and carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, etc. in fire scene. The result helps to understand the improvement method for old apartment to take precautions avoiding calamities.
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