聚碳酸酯型水性聚氨酯合成 及其物性探討

The Synthesis and Physical Properties of Polyurethane Emulsion Prepared from Polycarbonatediol

董振榮(Chen-Jung Tung)

指導教授 ： 洪信國

元智大學/工程學院/化學工程與材料科學學系/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究在合成探討聚碳酸酯二醇類（Polycarbonatediol, PCDL）水性聚氨酯分散液（PUD），硬質段部分固定使用異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯（Isophorone Diisocyanate, IPDI）以Triethyl amine （TEA）為中和劑及Ethlene diamine （EDA）為鏈延長劑，並在所有樣品中皆含有佔水性PU分散液6.3 wt%之NMP溶劑，藉由改變系統中共溶劑Acetone不同的含量、親水性離子基的含量及種類、軟質段的種類、軟及硬質段的含量比例及成品與水性丙烯酸樹脂 （Polyacrylate）共混後物性改質等變數，再經由雷射粒徑分析儀、黏度計，進行PU分散液水溶液性質探討；熱示差掃瞄卡量計（DSC）、動態黏彈性機械分析儀（DMA）及萬能拉力機，進行水性PU成型薄膜熱學性質與機械性質等方面探討以及耐水性的測試。
丙酮含量低於9wt%及高於40wt%時，皆會造成分散液之粒徑變大，因丙酮含量低於9wt%會造成prepolymer黏度變大，而丙酮含量高於40wt%則會使PU鏈段膨潤（Swell）程度增加；隨著親水性離子基增加，PU鏈段的親水性程度亦會增加，而得到較小的分散液粒徑。當丙酮用量高於30wt%，因分散階段所加入的水量不足而影響相轉換機制，造成乳液黏度遽增。增加離子基的含量及NCO/OH的當量比皆可提高薄膜機械強度，因離子基的含量增加，可增強離子間的作用力，而NCO/OH的當量比增加時，分子鏈中Urea鍵結的比例亦相對提高。
聚碳酸酯型水性PU在機械強度及耐水性優於聚酯型的水性PU；Polyacrylate /PUD依不同比例共混後對機械性質及塗膜耐水性有交互的影響；感壓性黏著劑（PSA）添加適量的PUD，因PUD分子間的內聚力大有助於凝聚力（Cohesion）的提升。

關鍵字

水性聚氨酯分散液 ； 聚碳酸酯二醇 ； 水性丙烯酸樹脂改質

並列摘要

The waterborne polyurethane dispersions (PUD) prepared with polycarbonatediol (PCDL) were synthesized and studied. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), triethyl amine (TEA), and ethlene diamine (EDA) were functioned as the hard-segment, the neutralizer, and the extender, respectively, in the synthesized PU structure. The effects of the acetone co-solvent, the hydrophilic ion group, the type of the soft-segmented compound, and the molar ratio of the soft-segment to the hard-segment, on the property of the PUD/acrylic resin (PA) emulsion blend were investigated by using the laser diffraction particle analyzer, viscometer, water resistance test, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and the mechanical test.
It was obtained that the content of acetone lower than 9 wt% or higher than 40 wt% would increase the particle size of PUD. This is attributed to the increase of the viscosity of the prepolymer in PUD with the acetone content lower than 9 wt%, and the increase of the swelling of PU chain in PUD with the acetone higher than 40 wt.%.
The hydrophilic ion groups could increase the hydrophilibility of the PU chain and which results in the decrease of the particle size of PUD. Additionally, the viscosity of PUD was increased with the acetone content higher than 30 wt% because of the insufficient water present for the phase transformation at the dispersion stage.
The mechanical strengths of the prepared PU films increased with the increases of the ion groups and NCO/OH ratios due to the increases of the interaction among ions and the urea content in the polymer chain. The mechanical strength and the water resistance of the PCDL based waterborne PU were better than those of the polyester polyol based PU. The ratio of PUD/PA would affect the mechanical and the water resistance of the blend. Moreover, the cohesion strength of the pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) can be improved by using the appropriate PUD.

並列關鍵字

waterborne polyurethane dispersion ； polycarbonatediol ； waterborne acrylic resin blend

參考文獻

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