- 學位論文
陰離子水性聚氨酯奈米複材之製備與研究
Preparation and Properties of Anionic Waterborne Polyurethane Nanocomposite Materials
摘要
本論文是以聚四甲基醚二醇(PTMEG)為軟段多元醇，二甲醇基丙酸(DMPA)為陰離子基，異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)為異氰酸酯，乙二胺(EDA)為鏈延長劑，在三乙胺(TEA)的中和下，合成的陰離子型水性聚氨酯。 首先探討不同軟鏈段含量對聚氨酯分子量、耐熱性及機械性質的差異，軟鏈段含量較高者其分子量較高，耐熱性較佳，但機械性質較差；接下來以較低軟鏈段含量的水性聚氨酯，摻合兩種不同幾何形態的無機材料：奈米級”球狀”沉澱碳酸鈣及未改質”層狀”鈉型蒙脫土來製成PU/Nanocomposites，並以X光繞射儀、紅外線吸收光譜儀、穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)來探討不同種類無機材料及摻合量對複合材料結構的影響，進一步以熱重分析儀來分析材料之熱性質，以動態機械分析儀(DMA)來測定其機械性質，並測定複合材料之透氣性及吸水性。 從穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)照片顯示，PU/Clay 奈米複材已達到插層的分散，且隨著蒙脫土添加量的提高，機械性質亦有明顯的提升；而PU/碳酸鈣複材，在電子顯微鏡照片中，有部分到達奈米級分散，但大多數已絮凝至微米級，在機械性質上，雖有提升，但幅度不高；在耐熱性及透氣性方面，蒙脫土及碳酸鈣則無明顯變化；添加這兩種無機材料之複材皆會影響吸水性，蒙脫土的影響程度比碳酸鈣明顯。
並列摘要
In this thesis, soft segment polyol for polytetramethylene ether glycol is, ionomer for dimethylol propionic acid, isocyanate for IPDI and chain extender for ethylene diamine, Neutralizer is triethyl amine, ionic waterborne polyurethane were prepared. First, the research about waterborne PU in the different soft segment content，the difference of molecular weight, heat and mechanical properties. Waterborne PU for higher soft segment content, exhibit higher molecular weight and excellent heat stability, but mechanical properties is worse. Then waterborne PU for lower soft segment content, blending two inorganic material, one is nano-precipitated Calcium Carbonate and the other is Montmorillonite clay, ionic waterborne PU/Nanocomposite is prepared. Analysis PU/Nanocomposites structure by X-ray diffraction、FTIR and TEM, heat stability by TGA, mechanical properties by DMA, and studied the gas permeability analyzer and the degree of water absorption. TEM showed PU/clay is intercalated nanocomposites. Because of clay content increase, the mechanical properties had highly increase.