應用禁忌搜尋法求解多車種多物流中心之區位途程問題

Applying the Tabu Search to the Location-Routing Problem with Multi-Depot and Heterogeneous Fleet of Vehicles

曹餘偉(Yu-Wei Tsao)

指導教授 ： 胡黃德

元智大學/工程學院/工業工程與管理學系/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2006.00252

摘要

增加獲利率為企業營運的指標，而有效地規劃配送途程以降低物流成本，不但可以增加企業的獲利率，更可以提升本身服務品質，進而增加企業的競爭力。因此，在規劃物流配送系統時，不能只單一考慮到區位的因素，必須同時將車輛配送所造成之影響一起納入考量，以期運算出之物流總成本更能符合實際情況。本研究之目的乃結合工廠、物流中心與零售商形成一個三階層的物流配送系統，而此系統是以降低長期供應鏈之物流體系的成本為目標。因此，本研究針對物流中心的位置、車輛種類與規模大小、配送路徑規劃等方向進行研究，建構岀一數學模式，目標式為使總配送成本最低。再依據建構之數學模式發展出一套啟發式演算法，先以節省法 (Savings Method) 為基礎求得一組優良的起始解後，再以禁忌搜尋法 (Tabu Search) 進行物流中心間與物流中心內之改善。本研究結果顯示多車種所求得之成本優於單一車種。此結果再與一般最佳化軟體做比較，不僅能有效率的求得一組優越的解，在較龐大模型之問題下也能有效處理，以利於實務上之應用。

關鍵字

物流系統 ； 多車種 ； 節省法 ； 禁忌搜尋法

並列摘要

To increase the profit rate is the target of the business operation. The effective planning of the distribution routing can not only reduce the logistics cost but also enhance the service quality, and then increase the competitiveness of enterprise. Hence, to plan the logistics system, we should consider both facility location problem (FLP) and vehicle routing problem (VRP) simultaneously in order to decrease the total logistics cost. The purpose of this study was to integrate the three-level logistics system, e.g., plants, warehouses/depots, and customers to reduce the long-term supply chain cost. We also considered the vehicle fleet which is not necessarily composed of vehicles of the same size. Therefore, this study focused on the problem of the location of depots, types and fleet size of vehicle and the dispatch routing planning. We formulated a mathematical model, which is the minimum cost of logistics system. A two-phase heuristic algorithm was developed to solve the problem. The first phase used the original savings method to obtain the initial routing, the second phase improved between depots and within depot by a tabu search. The results showed that heterogeneous fleet of vehicle can decrease the cost significantly than the fleet with the same size. Finally, the results were compared with the optimum solution and showed that they were quickly obtained with the good solution quality in the large-size problems.

並列關鍵字

Logistics System ； Heterogeneous Fleets ； Savings Method ； Tabu Search

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