中高齡者規劃生前契約決策行為之探討

A Study of the Middle Aged and Senior People’s Decision Making Behaviors Regarding Their Lifetime Contracts

陳素敏(Su-Mean Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳燕禎

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

2002年「殯葬管理條例」通過，至今台灣生前契約市場占有率5%，顯見國人仍對生前對身後事規劃的概念並不普遍，本研究主要在探討中高齡者規劃生前契約決策行為時所產生的變化，就個人主觀性的個別條件、心理認知、社會溝通、文化習俗面向，來分述接受或排斥生前契約的異同；本研究採質化研究的深度訪談法，以願意受訪的中高齡者及相關重要他人、生前契約銷售員、一般殯葬業者進行訪談，收集第一手深度性資料，共完成訪談35位。
中高齡者規劃生前契約決策行為分為實際行動派、觀念接受派、觀望後續派、絕對拒絕派；促使中高齡者接受之理由或變因，包括：社會責任、利子女主義、購買動機、豁達面對、信任和友誼、積極和行動性、對等溝通、費用能預期、24小時的E化服務、「養兒防老」觀念式微；構成拒絕之理由或變因，包括：宗教信仰、無須太早規劃、風險投資、神鬼論者、納骨塔銷售、履約信心不足、宗親勢力、預期未來殯葬市場開放、「觸霉頭」、傳統民情需求。
本研究建議：1.在生前契約業者方面：解決目前中高齡者產生疑慮，採取對應策略，提高中高齡者對規劃生前契約的意願；2.在中高齡者方面：鼓勵主動規劃身後諸事，並延伸相關死亡議題規劃，讓往者獲得安寧，生者沒有遺憾。

關鍵字

生前契約 ； 規劃 ； 中高齡者

並列摘要

In 2002, the “Statute for Funeral and Burial Management” was approved. Nowadays, the market share of lifetime contracts is about5%, meaning that the concept of making funeral arrangement during lifetime is not popular among people yet. This study aims to explore middle-aged and senior people’s changes caused by their decision making behaviors regarding arrangements of their lifetime contracts. The differences and similarities in subjective personal qualities, mental perception, social communication, and cultural traditions are described respectively for those who accept lifetime contracts and those who don’t. The in-depth interview method for qualitative researches was applied in this study. First-handed in-depth data were collected with a total of 35 people interviewed successfully. The people participated in the study included the middle-aged and the senior, their important others, lifetime contract sale-persons, and funeral service providers.
According to their decision making behaviors regarding arrangements of lifetime contracts, middle-aged and senior people were categorized into the practical group, the accepting group, the waiting-and-seeing group, and the rejecting group. The reasons or factors behind middle-aged and senior people’s acceptance of their lifetime contracts included: social responsibility, benefits for children, motivation for the purchase, facing death with open-mindedness, trust and friendship, aggressiveness and activeness, reciprocal communication, expectable costs, 24-hour electronized service, and the disappearing concept of “raising sons to support one in one's old age”. The reasons or factors behind middle-aged and senior people’s rejection included: religion, no need to make arrangement in advance, risk investment, demonology, sale of columbarium, lacking of confidence in contract execution, family influence, expecting the funeral markets to be more competitively transparent, “bad luck”, and conventional requirements.
There are two suggestions for the further study. First, for the lifetime contract providers, it is suggested that middle-aged and senior people’s current doubts be dispelled. The corresponding strategies for the funeral markets could be adopted to help to increase their willingness to make arrangements of lifetime contracts. Second, for middle-aged and senior people, it is suggested that they should actively make their funeral arrangements, and the death issues could be extended to make arrangements to help the dead rest in peace and the living leave no regrets.

並列關鍵字

before-death contract ； arrangement ； Middle-aged person and advanced age person

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