瘂弦詩歌書寫策略：鄉愁、異鄉、現實關懷

Ya Xian’s Strategy in Poetry Writing: Nostalgia, Exoticism and Humanism

張瑞欣(Rui -ShinChang)

指導教授 ： 王潤華

元智大學/人文社會學院/中國語文學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

瘂弦，原名王慶麟(1932-) ，《瘂弦詩集》是台灣現代詩歌的典範，詩人停筆多年，但世界各地的學者對瘂弦詩歌研究絡繹不絕，如：日本學者松浦．恆雄，松浦恆雄翻譯作品《深淵：瘂弦詩集》、韓國學者許世旭研究台灣詩歌，論述瘂弦之處不少，著有《新詩論》、瑞典漢學家馬悅然翻譯洛夫、瘂弦、楊牧、夏宇等九人的詩歌作品，翻譯作品《來自台灣的九個聲音》。
瘂弦的詩歌書寫策略是從中國的鄉土文學出發，受到中國詩人何其芳與外國詩人里爾克的啟發，融合鄉愁情感，如：〈紅玉米〉、〈鹽〉等。瘂弦描繪異國城市景致，融合各國文化背景，進一步批判傳統文化沒落的問題，使讀者有深入其境之感，如：〈巴黎〉、〈倫敦〉、〈芝加哥〉等。再對社會底層的小人物的生存環境作深刻的描述，呈現小人物內在與外在衝突，使讀者反思社會不健全的制度，如：〈坤伶〉、〈瘋婦〉等。瘂弦受美國艾略特〈荒原〉的影響，〈深淵〉是他的人生哲學，思索生命各階段的問題，同時對國家的政治與戰爭進行批判，積極為生命找尋一個新方向。
本文總共七章，第一章為緒論，探討論文的研究動機、目的、範圍與方法。第二章探討瘂弦人生詩學歷程，以及各家學者對瘂弦詩歌評價，第三章以「故鄉情節」探究瘂弦詩歌中母親原型。第四章以「反諷場景」探究現代化批判。第五章小人物以生活體驗探究「身心失衡」。第六章以鄉愁與異鄉交織出「存在思索」。第七章總結瘂弦詩歌的書寫策略。

關鍵字

瘂 ； 弦 ； 鄉愁 ； 身體隱喻 ； 現代主義 ； 存在主義

並列摘要

Ya Xian （Wang Qingling,1932-） is a contemporary Taiwanese modernist poet. He has published one collection of poetry entitled Collected Poems of Ya Xian and has stopped writing any poem for many years. Ya Xian produced a relatively small amount of poetry, yet his work has been the subject for study by Chinese scholars in many countries.
Ya Xian started writing modern poetry with nostalgic themes of his homeland in China Mainland. Influenced by Chinese poet Ho Qifang (1912—1977)and Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke( 1875 – 1926), he produced many highly lyrical and modernist poems such as “The Red Corn” and “Salt” to express his nostalgic experience of his childhood in the remote countryside of China. His haunting images focus on the themes of decadence and eroticism of .modern cities in the poems such as “ Paris, ” “ London” and “ Chicago” which are recognized as the best modernist poems produced in Taiwan. Ya Xian also wrote about the underdogs of the Chinese society in the poems such as “Actress” and “Mad Woman”. Influenced by T.S.Eliot’s (1888 –1965) The Waste Land, Ya Xian wrote the best-known poem “Abyss”, which is often read as a representation of the disillusionment of modern man.
The thesis is divided into seven chapters. Chapter one is “Introduction”, dealing with the objective and research method of the study. Chapter two is dealing with the important events of Ya Xian as a poet. Then the following four chapters discuss major themes and achievements of his poetry. Chapter seven is a conclusion.

並列關鍵字

Ya Xian (Wang Qinglin) ； Taiwan ； modernist poetry ； Nostalgia ； exoticism ； humanism.

參考文獻

杜國清譯：《惡之華》（台北：純文學，1985）。

陳義芝：《台灣文學經典》（台北：聯經，1999）。

龍應台：《大江大海─九四九》（台北：天下，2009）。

＿＿＿：〈出極與終極──瘂弦詩論的形成、意涵、和應用〉，《新地文學》，第7期，2009，頁255-268。

阮美慧：〈抒情瘂弦〉，《新地文學》，第7期，2009，頁269-282。