車用網路中基於費洛蒙的車對車(V2V)路由方法

Pheromone-Based V2V Routing Method in VANETs

黃仁襄(Jen-Hsiang Huang)

指導教授 ： 郭文興

元智大學/電機通訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2012.00051

摘要

車用網路(VANET)是最近興起的熱門研究領域之一，在車用網路裡，主要可分為3種連線方式，車與車之間直接的無線通訊(V2V)、車輛與道路中固定基地台的無線通訊(V2R)、和道路中固定基地台與車輛無線通訊(R2V)。V2R跟R2V因為有一端的點是固定，所以找到路由較為容易。相對的，由於車用網路的車輛移動率很高，V2V比較難，且由於移動率高，想隨時知道每輛車的位置並不是很容易。因此，為了能在動態環境之下讓車輛找到多個hop外節點的位置並建立路由，本論文提出一個基於費洛蒙的V2V的路由方法。此方法利用車輛定時散播費洛蒙，經過時間更新費洛蒙強度，使其他車輛可以根據其費洛蒙的濃度來追蹤目標車輛並建立的路由方法。除了提出此一方法，我們也分析了此方法不同費洛蒙濃度的成功率，同時也使用NS2模擬去評估其效能，如找到目標車輛的成功率及所需的hop數，並與理論值做比較。結果顯示我們提出的方法有不錯的成功率，以及與理論值十分接近。

關鍵字

車用網路 ； 車對車 ； 費洛蒙

並列摘要

VANETs are one of the popular research topics recently. There are different types of connection in VANETs: Direct wireless communication between vehicles (V2V), wireless communication from a vehicle to a road-side unit (V2R), and wireless communication from a road-side unit to a vehicle (R2V). It is easier to find the route of V2R and R2V because the position of source/destination is fixed. On the contrary, it is more difficult to establish the route of a V2V connection due to the high mobility of two ends of the connection. Since it is not easy to locate each vehicle anytime and anywhere for its high mobility, we propose a pheromone-based routing method which helps finding vehicles which has dynamic positions several hops away. In this proposed method, each vehicle periodically spreads pheromone and updates recorded pheromone density accordingly. Therefore, vehicles could trace and construct the route to the destination node according to the pheromone it spreads. We not only analyze the success rate under different pheromone density, but also evaluate its performance with simulations. The results show that the performance of the proposed method is approximate to our analysis.

並列關鍵字

VANET ； V2V ； pheromone

參考文獻

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