健康促進運動對長者成功老化影響之探討

Exploration of influence of health promotion movement on successful aging for the elderly

賴靖騰(Ching-Teng Lai)

指導教授 ： 陳燕禎

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究主要在健康促進運動對長者成功老化影響之探討，來分析老人健康促進運動動機、影響持續的助力、阻力及效益，並建構出健康促進運動對長者成功老化影響模式。本研究採質化研究的深度訪談法，以參與健康促進運動的老人及運動指導者為訪談對象，收集深度性的資料，共完成訪談18位。本研究結果為：參與健康促進因而獲得成功老化的老人有四種類型分別是興趣喜好型、身體健康型、朋友邀約型、充實生活型。1.興趣喜好型：持續年輕時的運動興趣或是晚年時對運動產生興趣而參與；2.促進身體健康型：此類型可分為三類分別為早日運動預防保健型：年輕時就知道以運動延緩老化、增加身體的靈活性、筋骨變硬才知保健型：年紀大了後，靈活性降低，運動以避免喪失生活上獨立自主的能力、罹患疾病才知補救型：年紀大了罹患疾病才覺察要運動以產生疾病壓縮；3.朋友邀約型：年輕或年紀大時接受朋友邀請而參與運動，藉由運動擴展人際網絡；4.充實生活型：退休後為了排遣孤獨寂寞，充實自己而運動。本研究發現參與健康促進運動如何影響成功老化主要有以下因素：1.找到運動的動機：這是老人參與健康促進運動達成成功老化的起因；2.認知到運動的好處：經由資訊了解或是自己實際參與健康促進運動體會到運動的效益；3.對於持續運動的堅持：經由認知到運動的好處，形成堅持每天持續運動的動力。4.家人的支持：家務、情感及經濟的支持，皆是促進並使老人能夠持續運動的重要因素。以上四個要素缺一不可，皆會對老人是否能夠成功老化造成重大影響。

關鍵字

健康促進 ； 成功老化 ； 疾病壓縮 ； 生活福祉 ； 生命四季

並列摘要

This research aims to investigate the influence of the health promotion movement on successful aging, and analyze the motivation, effectiveness, obstruction and favorable factor for the persistent health promotion movement for the elderly to constitute a model for how the said movement affects successful aging of the elderly. An in-depth interview-based qualitative method is employed to collect in-depth data, wherein the interviewees include the elderly who participate in the health promotion movement and the movement instructors. A total of 18 people are interviewed, and the results are that the elderly achieving successful aging through participation of health promotion can be categorized into hobby-based, health-based, friends’ invitation-based and life enriching-based types as follows:
1. Hobby-based type: people participate because of becoming interested in exercise in their late years or continuing hobby in exercise in their youth.
2. Health promotion-based type: this type can be further classified into 3 subtypes:
? “Exercising to prevent disease and maintain health in their early years”: people exercise in their youth to delay the aging process, and increase physical flexibility.
? “Not exercising to maintain health until their bones and muscles harden”: To maintain self-care ability, people exercise in their late years when sensing a decrease of physical flexibility.
? “Not taking remedy measures until suffering from disease”: people feel a need to exercise when suffering from diseases in their late years to create a “compression of morbidity”.
3. Friends’ invitation type: Invited by friends, people participate in their early or late years, whereby they expand interpersonal networks.
4. Life enriching-based type: Retired people exercise to dispel loneliness and enrich life.
The results suggest that participating in health promotion movement can influence successful aging via several factors: 1. Triggering motivation of exercising, which tempts the elderly into participating in the health promotion movement to achieve successful aging. 2. Cognizing the benefits of exercising: understanding effectiveness of exercising through proper channels or personal participation in the health promotion movement. 3. Persisting in exercising: cognizing the benefits of exercising motivates one to exercise on a daily basis. 4. Family support: Housework, emotion and financial support from family is the crucial factor to make the elderly exercise persistently. Any of the factors mentioned above is indispensable in making the elderly to exercise persistently, which also influences weather the elderly can achieve successful aging.

並列關鍵字

life cycle ； Health promotion ； successful aging ； compression of morbidity ； life welfare

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