學齡前兒童齲齒相關因素分析

Factors Associated with Dental Caries in Preschoolers

黎灌嬅(Kun-Wa Lai)

指導教授 ： 黃曉靈

高雄醫學大學/口腔醫學院/口腔衛生學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2017年)

摘要

背景 :
台灣地區嚴重型早發性齲齒有隨著年齡增加而上升的趨勢，我國兒童齲齒狀況嚴重，且多數齲齒在學齡前就產生。齲齒會導致牙痛、咀嚼困難、限制飲食、降低生活品質與整體健康。在過去的文獻中許多學者提出學童口腔問題與主要照顧者的關連性，也提及照顧者的知識、態度、行為常常會影響到孩童的口腔狀況，但對於孩童的飲食習慣則較少有這方面的探討，本篇研究特別針對孩童的口腔保健行為及甜食攝取的情形加以探討與學齡前齲齒之相關性，期望藉由研究結果得知若改善孩童的飲食習慣及甜食攝取的情形能降低學齡前早發性齲齒之盛行率，進而增加孩童的生活品質。

目的 :
本研究探討高雄市學齡前兒童齲齒之相關影響因素。

方法 :
採用橫斷面研究設計，樣本為設籍高雄之母親與學齡前兒童。系統隨機抽樣(Systematic Random Sampling)於高雄市三民區轄內所公私立幼稚園、托兒所，總計495對母親及其三歲至五歲兒童參與研究，母親填寫問卷與兒童接受口腔健康檢查。多元邏輯斯回歸分析顯著嚴重早發性齲齒組、非嚴重早發性組、無齲齒組等學齡前兒童齲齒之相關性。此外，多變頃多元羅輯斯回歸分析用來分析學齡前兒童口腔健康與其相關因素。

結果 :
結果發現學齡前兒童齲齒率為76.2%，其中28.3%為嚴重早發性齲齒，其危險因素包含母親對於孩子刷牙習慣為很少/只要求沒有幫肋(aOR=1.45, 95%CI= 1.12-2.63)；兒童沒有定期牙科檢查(aOR=1.12,95%CI= 1.01-1.32)；兒童每週攝取含糖飲料超過7次以上/週(aOR=1.82, 95%CI=1.45-3.19)。

結論 :
照護者對於協助與監督兒童口腔清潔、適當管理兒童含糖飲料的攝取並提供定期牙科檢查對兒童口腔保健以減少齲齒發生之機率。

關鍵字

學齡前兒童 ； 嚴重早發性齲齒 ； 口腔保健行為 ； 定期牙科檢查

並列摘要

Introduction:

The prevalence of severe early childhood caries (SECC)among children has shown a trend of increase with agein Taiwan. Many children, especially preschool ones, suffer from SECC, which causes toothache, difficulties in chewing, diet limitations, lower quality of life, and deteriorated health condition as a whole. Previous literature on SECC published by many researchers explored the link between children's oral health problems and their primary caretakers, indicating the influence of caretakers' education, attitude, and behavior on children's oral condition. However, not so many studies have been done on the effects of children's eating habits in this regard. This study investigated specifically children's oral healthcare behavior and intake of sugary food in relation to the prevalence of SECC among preschool children. Hopefully, it can be established from the results of the study thatchanges in eating habits and control inintake of sugary food can be beneficial to reducing theprevalence of SECC among preschool children, and thereby improve their quality of life.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the influence factors contributing to the prevalence of SECC among preschool children in Kaohsiung City.

Methods:

This study adopted a cross-sectional design. Subjects were preschool children and their mothers registered inKaohsiungascitizens. A total of 495 sampling units of preschool children (aged 3 - 5 years) with their mothers were selected by systematic random sampling from kindergartens and nursery schools, public and private, in San-Min District, Kaohsiung City. Thesechildren received an oral examination, and their mothers completed an oral health-related questionnaire. Polytomous logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between the severe early childhood caries group, the non-severe early childhood caries group, and no-cariesgroup. Multivariate Polytomous logistic regression was also used to analyze factors related to oral health condition of preschool children.

Results:

The results showed that caries affected 76.2% of the preschool children, with 28.3% of them defined as SECC. The risk factors for SECC include having a mother who seldom requires her child to brush teeth or provides no assistance (aOR=1.45, 95%CI=1.12-2.63), negligence in receiving regular dental examination (aOR=1.12,95%CI= 1.01-1.32), and intake of sugar-sweetened beverages more than seven times per week (aOR=1.82, 95%CI=1.45-3.19).

Conclusion:

Related assistance and supervision by primary caretakers regardingoral cleanliness, intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, and regular dental examination are beneficial to reducing the prevalence of SECC among preschool children.

並列關鍵字

oral health carebehavior ； preschool children ； regular dental visit ； severe early childhood caries

參考文獻

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