都市新移民女性參與社區口腔健康促進計畫保健指導員培訓之成效

Effects of Lay Health Advisor Training for Urban Immigrant Women in a Community-based Oral Health Promotion Program

許原榕(Yuan-Jung Hsu)

指導教授 ： 黃曉靈

高雄醫學大學/口腔醫學院/口腔衛生科學研究所碩士班/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2013.00027

摘要

背景:本研究為第一個在台灣使用社區健康工作者(Lay Health Advisor，簡稱LHA)來促進口腔健康的5年計畫旨在促進新移民孩童的口腔健康。此計畫之前，國內外並未有任何LHA模式應用於口腔保健。根據之前的調查顯示，新移民孩童相較於本籍孩童有較差的口腔健康狀況，齲齒經驗指數分別為6.05 和3.88顆。過去文獻結果顯示社區健康工作者的介入模式在國外應用於各種不同健康促進議題都有不錯的成效。
目的:本研究目的為評值都市新移民女性參與社區口腔健康促進計畫保健指導員培訓之成效。
研究方法: 本研究共招募50名高雄市越南或印尼籍的新移民女性，主要是從教會、國小中文班以及新移民家庭服務中心進行招募，共開辦四個梯次。課程的設計為15堂課(每堂課為2小時)，包含3次的實地衛教實習，而每次課程都是由口腔健康專業人員執行。上課所用的手冊內容包含齲齒等疾病的相關知識、口腔保健方法的說明與操作示範、教學與溝通技巧以及實際練習等。最後共有37名新移民女性完成整個培訓課程並通過測驗，參加者的前後測資料是使用自填式問卷收集。而本研究所用來檢測前後測差異的統計方法包含配對t檢定、精確麥氏檢定以及邊緣總和一致性檢定
結果: 研究結果顯示在口腔保健知識、自我效能以及態度都有顯著的提升。而在口腔保健行為也顯示每日潔牙次數、牙線使用習慣、含氟牙膏的使用及帶小孩去看牙齒的行為等都有顯著提升與改變(P<0.05)
結論:口腔保健指導員培訓課程可有效促使新移民女性採取正確的口腔健康行為以及提升她們的口腔保健知識、自我效能和態度

關鍵字

口腔健康 ； 衛生教育 ； 新移民 ； 社區健康工作者

並列摘要

Background: The 5-year Lay Health Advisors Approach to Promote Oral Health Program, aimed at promoting the oral health of new immigrants’ children, was first implemented in Taiwan in 2011. Prior to this study, no oral health promotion programs for mixed-marriage preschool children and their mothers were conducted. The baseline data showed significant higher caries index in immigrant children aged 4 to 6 than in native children (6.05 vs. 3.88). The use of Lay Health Advisors (LHAs) to address health issues is well documented and considered an appropriate model of community health promotion.
Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of Lay Health Advisor (LHA) training for urban immigrant women in an oral health promotion program.
Method: There were 50 Vietnamese and Indonesia women recruited from the churches, Chinese language program and immigrant service centers in Kaohsiung city. Four training classes were held. Each training cycle went for 15 consecutive weeks (one 2-hour training session per week) including 3 weeks practicum and each session is conducted by oral health professionals. The training manual includes caries-related knowledge, oral hygiene instructions and demonstrations, teaching/communication skill and hands-on practice etc. Overall, 37 participants finished the training course and passed post-training knowledge test. The pre- and post-data were collected by the self-administered questionnaire. Paired-t test, McNemar exact test and marginal homogeneity test were used to analyze the pre/post differences.
Result: The results showed significantly increased level of oral hygiene knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitude toward oral hygiene. It also showed a higher frequency of brushing teeth a day, using dental floss a day, using fluoride toothpaste, and children’s dental visits (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The LHA training for immigrant women is an effective way to facilitate adoption of oral healthy behaviors and increase their level of oral hygiene knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitude.

並列關鍵字

oral hygiene ； health education ； immigrant ； lay health advisor

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