正向人際介入方案對人際關係與幸福感之影響-以護理人員為例

正向心理學之父Seligman將正向人際納入幸福五元素，也特別指出正向人際關係與另四個元素有高度相關，本研究綜觀過去中西方在人際關係的研究，以感恩/道謝、仁慈舉動、分享好事方法，依期望理論設計簡單實用的正向人際介入方案，藉以瞭解此方案對提升人際關係與幸福感的成效。本研究採用準實驗研究法，研究對象為73位護理人員，實驗組29人進行為期四週共十二小時的正向人際課程與練習，控制組44人未接受任何實驗處理。前後測工具為「人際關係量表」、「幸福感量表」、「主觀快樂量表」，同時分析學員的回饋做為輔佐資料。研究結果發現：(1)正向人際方介入案對人際關係具提升效果。(2)正向人際介入方案對幸福感具提升效果。據此研究者提出有效介入方案的三要素：(1)針對目標對象的屬性量身設計，(2)方案具理論與研究支持，(3)應用期望理論提升練習動機。

關鍵字

正向人際介入方案；人際關係；幸福感；護理人員

並列摘要

Seligman is credited as the father of Positive Psychology and he included the positive interpersonal relationships among P.E.R.M.A. He indicated that the positive interpersonal relationships is highly correlated with other four elements. This research sums up the interpersonal relationships of studies in east and west with the past, which use the ways of appreciating, sharing something good and doing kindly. According to the expectancy theory that design the practical plan step in positive interpersonal relationships, we want to realize the effects on progressing interpersonal relationships and well-being. This research used quasi-experimental design in that there were 73 nursing staff. There are 29 persons in experimental group accepting the course and practices for four weeks, 12 hours, of positive interpersonal relationships, and instead of the control group, there were 44 persons not in experimental treatment. The pre and post test tools are interpersonal relationships scale, well-being scale, and subjective happiness scale. In the same time, the feedback of analyzing students as assistant data. It shows that, first, it’s efficient to use the plan of positive interpersonal relationships to progress interpersonal relationships. Second, it’s efficient to progress well-being by using this plan. Accordingly, researchers point that three factors of successful intervention program. First, it base on the target tailor-made. Second, it needs theoretical support. Third, make good use of expectancy theory in promoting motivation.