教養風格、認同型塑：女同志如何在出櫃歷程中協商親子關係

Parenting Styles and the Shaping of Indentities: How do lesbians negotiating parent-child relationships in coming-out processes.

徐湘君(Hsiang-Chun Hsu)

指導教授 ： 胡郁盈

高雄醫學大學/人文社會科學院/性別研究所碩士班/碩士(2018年)

摘要

既有台灣女同志與家庭互動的研究發現，多數女同志經常面臨為人子女的角色義務與同志認同間引發的衝突，使其必須在認同實踐與親子關係的經營取得平衡，顯示出家庭關係對於同志認同的重要性。於此同時，現代的親職研究指出父母的教養風格會影響親子關係的建立，特別是近年來，台灣養兒育女的觀念歷經東西教養文化的衝擊與競合，使得親子的互動模式，相較於過去呈現出更為複雜且多元的樣貌。

目前的同志研究尚未從教養的視角，細究親子互動與同志認同之間的關聯，而教養風格的不同，是否形成女同志與父母協商親子關係及型塑同志認同能力的差異？為此，本研究探討父母的教養風格如何影響女同志的認同型塑，女同志又如何在出櫃的歷程中協商親子關係。研究者以20至30歲，喜歡同性且有與同性交往經驗的生理女性為研究對象，深度訪談11位女同志，藉由個案之間親子互動模式與同志認同發展的異同，分析教養風格、認同型塑以及出櫃歷程之間的辯證關係。

研究發現，民主開放的家庭教育，讓女同志在認同型塑的過程相對平順；權威高壓的教育環境，則容易使女同志在認同之路產生自我的辯證和衝突。其次，儘管教養風格是影響女同志認同型塑的重要變項，然而出櫃歷程及之後的親子關係並非形成絕對的線性發展；研究個案中不同的教養腳本、親子互動的高度異質性，以及女同志出櫃之後親子關係的多元變化，都指出教養風格、親子關係及出櫃歷程之間多向式的交互作用。最後，女同志的親子互動樣貌，也顯示在教養典範轉移的浪潮中，不只翻轉過去的親職性別角色分工，新型態父職經驗與「非典型」的父親形象也正在建立。

關鍵字

教養風格 ； 女同志 ； 認同 ； 出櫃 ； 親子關係

並列摘要

Past studies on interactions between Taiwanese lesbians and their family showed that, most lesbians frequently face confrontations, as the role duties of filial children on one hand, and identification practices on the other. Family relations still weigh a lot to gay identities. At the same time, modern parenting studies point out that different parenting styles would mold parental relationship. Not to say that Western parenting concepts have been contesting with Eastern ones, and as a result, parental interaction patterns have become more complicated and plural.

Gay studies have not yet examined how parental interaction relates to gay identities from the perspective of parenting, to investigate whether different parenting styles shape the different capacities lesbians employ when negotiating parental relationship and shaping gay identities, negotiations particularly during the coming-out processes. To answer these questions, I in-depth interviewed eleven lesbians, who are in their twenties, aroused and have/had been in relationships with same sex members. By comparing different interactive patterns and gay identities developments between cases, and analyze the dialectics between parenting styles, identity shaping and coming-out process.

I found that democratic-liberal family education smooths out the shaping of lesbian identities, on the other hand, authoritative-oppressive education tends to give rise to self-dialectics and conflicts. Secondly, coming-out process and the parental relationship afterwards are not absolute linear development, despite parenting style is undoubtedly an important variable affecting lesbian identification. In my study, different parenting repertoire and high heterogeneity of parent-child interaction from one case to another, all pointing to multi-directional interactions between parenting styles, parent-child relationship and coming-out process. Finally, paradigm shift of parenting manifests parent-child interaction patterns of lesbians. Not least that past gendered division of parenting labors are renovating, new types of fatherhood experience and “non-typical”father images are also establishing.

並列關鍵字

parenting ways ； lesbian ； indentity ； coming-out ； parent-child relation

參考文獻

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