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  • 學位論文

進入組織:居家照護職業性別區隔的實踐

Into the Organization: The Practice of Gender Segregation in Home Care Job

指導教授 : 陳建州

摘要


因長照十年計劃開始,居家照顧服務員需求人數增加,然而,觀察這項職業的性別結構,可以發現居家照顧服務員多為女性。 關於職業性別區隔的討論,「性別角色」這類的制度性因素是經常被提及的重要原因,由於居家照顧服務員的工作內容多為居家照護、清潔、護理等,似乎較符合社會期待下適合女性的工作,形成目前此類職業的性別結構呈現女性多男性少的現象。 但是我們並不能將「性別角色期待」這類制度性因素與「居家照顧服務員女多男少」這個結果簡單地做因果連結,亦即,我們必須了解人(客戶、勞工與雇主)及組織(職業仲介公司)如何將「性別角色期待」具體地實踐,導致「居家照護員女多男少」。依此,本研究藉由「進入職業仲介公司」了解組織客戶、勞工與雇主之間的互動內容,解析在實際的職業媒合過程中,組織如何具體化性別意識型態和性別角色期待,促使職業性別區隔。 本研究使用半結構性訪談法收集資料,訪談對象包括仲介業者、照顧服務員、服務使用者。本研究發現:一、仲介公司跟市場的關係影響照顧服務員性別比例,大型仲介公司因市場需求延攬男性照顧服務員,小型仲介公司則以掌握女性照顧服務員為主。二、服務使用者的要求往往必須與仲介公司協商,仲介公司會考量可調度的照顧服務員作為派遣之人力,並非全然由服務使用者指定。三、在仲介公司的獎勵制度下,照顧服務員之間的社會網絡使得此職業繼續維持女多男少的情形。綜合而言,本研究解析仲介業者、照顧服務員、服務需求者的互動過程如何促成照顧服務員這個職業高度性別不均。

並列摘要


The need for resident care attendant is increasing because of Ten-Year Long-term Care Program in Taiwan. After observing the gender structure of this job, we find the employees are mainly women. Regarding the discussion of occupational gender segregation, the institutional factors such as "gender roles" are important reasons that are often mentioned. As the work of resident caring is mostly home care, cleaning, nursing…etc., it seems more in line with social expectation, so the gender structure of this career presents more women than men. But we cannot simply make a causal link between the institutional factors of "gender role expectation" and” caring attendant in home care are more women than men." We must analyze how people (client, labor and employer) and organization (human resources agency industry) make the gender role expectation come true. This research will enter the employment agencies to observe the interaction among client, labor and employer, and analyze how the organization produces the gender segregation of this job. This study uses semi-structured interview to collect data, interviews include human resources agency industries, care attendants, service users. This study found that: (1) The relationship between the human resources agency industries and the market affects the sex ratio of the attendants, the large human resources agency industries attract male attendants due to the market demand, and the small human resources agency industries mainly hold the female attendants. Second, the requirements of service users often must consult with the human resources agency industry, the human resources agency industry will consider the scheduling of the attendants as the dispatch of manpower, not entirely designated by the service users. Third, taking care of the social network between waiters under the reward system of the human resources agency industry makes this occupation continue to maintain the situation of fewer girls and fewer boys. Taken together, this study examines how the interactive process of brokers, attendant attendants, and service descendants can lead to a high degree of job-takeover in the profession.

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