成年氣喘病患生活品質及其相關因素探討

本研究目的為(1)探討成年氣喘病患生活品質的現況；(2)探討成年氣喘病患的個人屬性、疾病特性、情緒困擾、自我照顧行為、氣喘控制與生活品質的關係(3)探討成年氣喘病患生活品質重要之解釋因子。本研究採橫斷式相關研究設計，以年滿十八歲，經醫師診斷為氣喘之門診病人為研究對象。經方便取樣，徵得高雄縣、市及屏東縣五家醫院同意參與研究，共獲得有效研究問卷209份。研究工具為結構式問卷，包括醫院焦慮憂鬱量表、自我照顧行為量表、氣喘生活品質量表、氣喘控制測驗、個人屬性及疾病特性。量表經信度及效度檢定，包括內在一致性信度、再測信度、表面效度及內容效度。所得資料以百分比、平均值、標準差、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析及逐步複迴歸分析。研究結果發現(1)氣喘病人的整體生活品質標準化得分為68.3，屬於中等程度；(2) 有學士學位以上者生活品質優於高中職畢業者及國中畢業以下者；半專業人員或一般公務人員與專業人員與中、高級行政人員生活品質優於無技術或非技術性工人；年齡越高者整體生活品質越差(3) 情緒困擾越高其生活品質越差；(4) 自我照顧行為越好其生活品質越差；(5) 氣喘控制越佳其生活品質越好；(6)情緒困擾與氣喘控制為生活品質的重要解釋因子，共可解釋67.5 %的總變異數。根據本研究結果，可做為成年氣喘病患生活品質臨床實務與教育之參考。

關鍵字

氣喘；情緒困擾；生活品質；自我照顧行為；氣喘控制

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were to (1) understand quality of life of adult patients with asthma patients; (2) explore the correlations between quality of life and each of the following factors: individual characteristics, disease characteristics, emotional distress, self-care behavior, and asthma control; (3) identify the important explanatory variables of quality of life in adult patients with asthma. This study adopted a cross-sectional correlation design. The subjects included, by convenience sampling, adult patients with asthma who were above 18 years of age and who were recruited from outpatient departments of five hospitals in Kaohsiung City, Kaohsiung County, and Pingtung County. A total of 209 valid questionnaires were acquired. Structured questionnaires including questions on individual characteristics and disease characteristics, hospital anxiety and depression scale, self-care behavior scale, asthma control test scale, and asthma quality of life scale were used for the study. The reliability and validity of these scales were tested by internal consistency, retest reliability, surface validity and context validity. Percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product moment correlation as well as stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results showed (1) the standardized score of quality of life was 68.3, considered as medium level; (2) the higher the educational level or professional background, the better the quality of life, i.e. the quality of life of patients with bachelor’s degrees or higher was better than that of those subjects only graduated from high schools or lower, and the quality of life of semi-professionals, public officials, professionals and administrative staff at middle to senior levels was better than that of unskilled or non-skilled workers; the older the age, the worse the quality of life ; (3) the higher the emotional distress, the worse the quality of life; (4) the better the self-care behavior, the worse the quality of life; (5) the better the asthma control, the better the quality of life; (6) “asthma control” and “emotional distress” were important explanatory variables to quality of life, and they accounted for 67.5% of the total amount of variance. Results of this study could be used for future reference to clinical nursing care and education on the quality of life in adult patients with asthma.